Njengomzali, angeke wazi ukuthi umntwana wakho unesifo somoya noma cha. Ungasola nje kuphela. Ungcweti wodokotela wabantwana wase Johannesburg, uDkt Keketso Mopeli, waseNelson Mandela isibhedlela sabantwana usize ukuhlukanisa izimpawu zesifo Kanye nokubaluleka nokutholwa kwesifo esikumuntu.
Isifuba somoya yisifo somoya sesimo sokuphefumula kanti siyisifo sansukuzonke esijwayelekile ebunganeni. Imbangela yezinto eziningi; nokho, ufuzo ludlale indima enkulu. Kubonakala ngokunciphi kwemigudu yomoya okubuye kuholele ekushiseni, okuxhunyaniswa nokukhwehlela kwansukuzonke Kanye nokungakwazi ukuphefumula. “isifuba somoya isimo esisebenzayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu zingeza ziphinde zihambe,” ngokusho kuka Dkt Mopeli.
Okufanele ukubheke
Ukuhlukahlukana kwezimpawu zesifuba somoya. Esisodwa nje esejwayelekile ukuphindaphinda, kokukhwehlela okomile. Ukukhwehlela kwansuku zonke okuvamise ukwenzeka ebusuku noma ekuseni kakhulu.
Ukukhwehlela kungasuswa noma kubhebhethekiswe ukuba sezintweni ezithile. Uma umntwana edlala ibhola noma egijima. Noma uma ingane ine-allergy bese bevezwa kulezozinto abane-allergy kwizo- kungaba utshani, impova, noma anakinati – lokho kungaqala izimpawu ziqhubeka. Lezi izimo eziyamaniswa nalesifo.
“ukusebenza kwemvelo yomkhuhlane ilokho okwenza thina sisole ukuthi isifuba somoya njengoba kuphikiswa ezinye izimo ezinjengokutheleleka. Uma ingane yakho inokutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu noma inyumoniya, banemfiva futhi. Kanti abantwana abanesifuba somoya bese bebanaloku khwehlela. Abaveli njengabagulayo kungenjalo,” qaphela Dkt Mopeli.
Ezinye izimpawu zifaka ubunzima bokuphefumula; ubufishane bokuphefumula Kanye nokuthi umntwana wakho engezwa engathi isifuba sakhe siqinile.
“uma kukubi ngaleyondlela – ilapho-ke ababakhona ukuhlaselwa isifuba somoya noma sande – ilapho ozozwa khona ukubefuzela, uma umoya wabo uqinile noma umincekile,” ngokusho kuka Dkt Mopeli.
Ukuxilongwa
“umkhuhlane uphazamisa kakhulu empilweni Kanti futhi ukukhwehlela okungapheli akukhululekisi. Sifuna ukukhulula lokokungakhululeki bese sivikela umntwana ekutheni andise lesimo, ikakhulukazi ekuhlaselweni isifuba somoya. ingakho silahlekelwa iziguli. Uma umuntu ongaxilongiwe noma osexilongiwe kodwa akekho kuhlelo lokwelapha okwilonalona noma akekho kuhlelo lwekwelapha, ubanokusabalalisa okubi, kungenza izinto zibe lukhuni bese kugcina belahlekelwa izimpilo zabo,” kusho yena.
Ukuhlonzwa kwesifuba somoya kungaba lula noma kubenzima kuncike minyakeni yomntwana nokuthi siziveza kanjani.
“sihlukanisa abantwana bebengamaqoqo ababili eminyaka: abangaphansi kwemithathu noma abaneminyaka emine Kanye nangaphezulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ilokho umzali akutshela yona. Amaphuzu amqoka amabili okuxilongwa umlando Kanye nokuhlolwa.”
“sithatha umlando womntwana bese sibheka ukukhwehlela ngokuphelele. Bese siphinde sibheke kwizimo eziyamaniswa nesifuba somoya. Kungabe kukhona ukudla ingane enenkinga nakho mangabe ikudlile okungabanika ukuqubuka noma kususe ukukhwehlela? Kwesinye isikhathi ingane ayinayo i-aleji ngaleso sikhathi ongahle wibone. I-aleji yobisi lwenkomo Kanye nesikhumba ziyamaniswa nesifuba somoya.”
Umlando womndeni nawo ubaluleke kakhulu. Uma isihlobo esisondele kakhulu sinesifuba somoya, kukhuphula amathuba omntwana ukuthi aqalise abenesifuba somoya. Kunesakhi sofuzo njengoba abantwana befuza ngokwamasosha omzimba ebazalini babo.
UDkt Mopeli uthi, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwamaphaphu omntwana, Ngizohlola ingane yonke ngezimo ezingaphansi kwayo. Kunezimo ezingambili kanyekanye ezihamba ndawonye nesifuba somoya. Lezi i-aleji rhinitis (aleji ehlasela amakhala), isifo sesikhumba Kanye ne-aleji yamehlo.
“uma isifuba somoya sesiqinisekisiwe, umntwana ube eseqala kuhlelo lokwelapha inyanga yonke. Sithumela umzali ekhaya nohlelo lwesifuba somoya – nefomu lokubhala uhlelo lokubangcono lomntwana lwansuku zonke. Uma umntwana ebuya futhi bese kuba ukuthi uphile saka, umzali angaqhubeka nohlelo lokwelapha bese elebula ingane njengenesifuba somoya kuze kuba esinye isaziso. Noma bengakhetha ukuyeka ukusebenzisa imithi. Ngesifuba somoya, izimpawu zizobuya futhi bese siyoba sesiqalisa ngohlelo lwekwelapha futhi. Lokhu okwabantu abasebancane.”
Ezinganeni esezithe ukukhula, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu kwenziwa lapho ziphephetha emshinini bese kukalwa umthamo wamaphaphu. Emva kwalokho, benze ukuzivocavoca okuncane (ukuhamba noma ukugijima phezulu kwetreadmill) ukuthola ukuthi ini ebacasulayo. Bayakuphinda ukuhlolwa, bese uma ukuhlolwa kuba kubi kakhulu (kubanezimfuno) bese udokotela angase asole, uma besebenza.
“sizobe sesinika ingane uhlelo lokwelapha – isiphefumuli esizovula amaphaphu. Bese uphinda wenza loluhlolo futhi emva kwemizuzwana engamashumi amabili.uma siluphinda futhi, kuba nokuthuthukisa okumangalisayo, bese siyazi ukuthi ngempela isifuba somoya. Lokhu kusivezela ukuthi lamaphaphu ayasebenza,” ngokusho kuka Dkt Mopeli.
Ukwelashwa
Isifuba somoya asinalo ikhambi, kodwa siyalawuleka futhi siyelapheka. Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile okuyingwayizivele kwesifuba somoya kuhogelwa icorticosteroids. Lokhu yinto yokumpompwa noma kubanamasteriod okuhogelwa azosebenziswa nsukuzonke.
“icorticosteroid ehogeliwe yehlisa ukuvuvukala kuyephansi okusemaphashini. Bese siyibiza umvikeli noma umlawuli. Ilapha izimpande ezidala isifuba somoya – okukuthi amasosha omzimba angasebenzi kahle. lokhu kuzosebenziswa nsukuzonke noma ngabe ingane iyagula noma cha. Njengomuntu onesifo sephika fanele athathe imishanguzo yakhe noma ngabe igazi emzimbeni likahle, okufanayo nesifuba somoya,” kusho uDkt Mopeli.
“imishanguzo yomntwana lapho ekhwehlela, ukuba nokuhlaselwa noma uma izifuba zabo ziqinile ibizwa iBeta-gonist. Lesi isiphefumuli esivula amaphaphu. Siphinde sisibize njengomphumuzi. Uma umuntu wasemtholampilo esola ukuthi umntwana wakho unesifuba somoya, fanele bebaqalise kukona kokubili isiphefumuli se corticosteroid Kanye ne beta-agonist. Ilokho okushiwo umhlahlandlela. Leyo imishanguzo yokuqala.”
Kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo lokwelashwa okwilona lona Kanye nemithamo yemishanguzo, Kanye nendlela efanele. Usokhemesi noma udokotela weziguli uzofundisa abazali.
“ezinganeni ezincane ezingakwazi ukuhogela noma ukubamba ukuphefumula kwabo, kunamadivayisi ahlanganisa isimbozi esivala ikhala Kanye nomlomo bese kuba igumbi likashekhasi elidedela umshanguzo kulona. Bonke abantwana badinga ukuphefumula Kanye nokuhogela lomshanguzo, uDkt Mopeli echaza.
“kuya ngokuthi ingane inani, singangeza isifutho samakhala, uma sikholelwa ekutheni ingane ine-aleji ye rhinitis. Ungangeza I antihistamine uma kukuthi uyakholelwa ekutheni ngane ine-aleji. Ingane kungenzeka ithatha imishanguzo yomlomo futhi. Lemishanguzo kuvame ukuba imishanguzo eyengeziwe uma idingeka,” ngeseluleko sakhe.
Uma kukuthi uyazi inevusa isifuba somoya, zibalekele lezo zinto. Uma abazali abanasiqiniseko, ukuholwa kwegazi noma ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kungenziwa ukunikezela ngomhlahlandlela ocacile.
“uma nje ingane yakho ikeyaba kuhlelo lokwelapha, baqapheleni. thola indlela womthamo okuyiwona womshanguzo Kanye nokuyihlanganisa, bese uma behlala belawulwa noma bephilile, emvakwesikhathi singakwehlisa. Mhlampe ngelinye ilanga ungayekela kwakuthatha yona leyomshanguzo. Ezinye izingane isifuba somuya sikhuela ngaphandle abanye akubi njalo,” kusho uDkt Mopeli.
Umthelela oshaqisayo wobaba abangekho eNingizimu Afrika
Labo baba abangekho empilweni yezingane zabo kunemiphumela engemihle kukona kokubili ezingeni lomuntu ngayedwa Kanye nomphakathi ngobubanzi. Kanti eNingizimu Afrika, lena inking ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusho kuka Tsholofelo Masela.
Kuyiqinso ukuthi izingane ezingamaphesenti angama 70 eNingizimu Afrika ziphila ngaphandle kobaba bazo emakhaya. Umthelela womphakathi ngokungabi khona kobaba ubaluleke kakhulu futhi ubanzi. Iyiphi imiphumela enganakugwemeka yalokhu?
Izinselelo ezingokozwelo & nezokuziphatha
Izingane ezinobaba abangekho ezimpilweni zabo zibhekana nokuntula iziqondiso Kanye nokwesekwa ekwenzeni noma ekuthatheni iznqumo eziphusile Kanye nokuqonda ubudlelwano. Ukuxubeka kwemizwa Kanye nezinselelo zokuziphatha izona zinkinga eziyisisekelo ezibhekana nezingane ezingenabo obaba. ngokwesibonelo,Labantwana banamathuba amathuba amaningi okubanezinkinga zokungazethembi, ukucindezeleka, Kanye nokubanobunzima bokwakha ubudlelwano obunempilo.
Ukungabi khona komuntu owubaba kuholela ekutheni uzizwe ulahliwe kanti kubanomthelela wokuntengantenga kokukhua komqondo, ikakhulu kubafana abanganabo obaba. Esimweni samantombazane akhula engenabo obaba, maningi amathuba okuthi bazihlanganise nokuziphatha ngokocansi olwiyingozi bese beba semathubeni amakhulu okungena ezigamekweni zokukhulelwa kwezingane. Izinselelo zenhlalo nokuthuthuka nokukhula ngaphandle komuntu owubaba kobona bobabili abafana Kanye namantombazane ziningi.
Owesilisa okhona futhi onamandla unikezela ngezeluleko Kanye nangeziqondiso, okukhuphula amandla omntwana okukwazi ukwethemba Kanye nokwakha amandla abo okuxhumana kahle nabanye abantu. Ukungabi khona kukababa ekhaya kungagqugquzela ukuxebuka Kanye nokungabambisani nomphakathi,okungahle kubangele ukuntengantenga kokukhula kwengqondo.
Izingane zobaba abakade bengekho ezimpilweni zabo ngebhadi bayayiphnda iphethini yokulaxaza ezabo izingane noma ukuzala izingane kubudlelwano obehlukahlukene ngaphandle kokweseka okungaguquki. Lomjikelezo ungachaphazela izizukulwane nezizukulwane bese iholela ekutheni kubenokusabalala okukhulu komama abakhulisa izingane bodwa emakhaya.
Izinselelo zomama abakhulisa izingane bodwa
Omama abakhulisa bodwa abantwana babekezelela isibopho sokukhulisa abantwana bodwa, ngaphandle kokwesekwa noma ukubandakanyeka kobaba babo, banemizwa emikhulu, ezezimali Kanye nokucindezeleka ngokomzimba phezulu kwabo. Lokhu kwenza kubenezinselelo ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zabantwana ngendlela efanele.
Ukukhathala, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa kanti nakwezinye izimo, uphuzoludakayo Kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa izona zinselelo zomama abakhulisa abantwana bodwa. lokhu kunjalo, kuchaphazela abantwana kabi labo, ukunokuba nomzali oyedwa osebenzayo, manje uphila neqiniso lomzali ongazinzile kahle engqondweni Kanye nomunye ongekho kwakuba khona.
Imiphumela yomphakathi
Imiphakathi enenani eliphezulu lobaba abangekho empilweni zabantwana babo kaningi bavame kubhekana nezinselelo zenhlalo Kanye nakwezomnotho. Ukuntuleka kwabantu abayizibonelo ezinhle Kanye nesakhiwo somndeni ozinzile kungaba nomthelela kwinani eliphezulu lobugebengu, ukungabinakuthula ekuhlaleni, Kanye nobudlelwano bomphakathi obunzima. Isakhiwo somndeni sinegalelo elikhulu endleleni abantwana abakhula ngayo ngokwemizwa Kanye nokuziphatha ngokwengqondo.
Abazali abakhulisa bodwa izingane akufanele kulindelwe ukuthi bahlinzeke ngazo zonke lezakhiwo ngaphandle kosizo. Lokhu kunegalelo elibi ekukhuleni kwabantwana labo abanabazali abangamile kahle ngokomzimba, ngokwemizwa Kanye nezezimali kodwa balindelwe ukuthi bahlinzeke ngazo zonke izinto ezifanele ukukhuliswa kwabantwana babo.
Ukubhekana nenkinga
Abantwana abakhule ngaphandle kwezibonelo ezinhle zabesilisa ezimpilweni zabo bakuthola kubanzima ukuzula umehluko wobulili ngenxa yokukhula kwabo njengoba kubaveze kwinhlobo yemizwa yabesifazane, ngokomzimba Kanye nokuziphatha ngokwengqondo. Ingakho izinhlelo ezinjengalezi abafana emadodeni zikhona lapho abafana abasebancane Kanye namadoda aseqinile esebenza ndawonye ukugcwalisela izinselelo ezikhulayo zasekuhlaleni ezibangelwa obaba abangekho empilweni zabantwana babo.
Ukubhekana nenkinga yobaba abangekho empilweni zabantwana babo kudinga indlela enezici eningi, njengokubandakanya uhlaka lokwesekwa kwabazali abakhulisa abantwana bodwa, izinhlelo zezemfundo ezigqugquzela ububaba obunomthwalo wemfanelo, Kanye nezinhlelo eziqonde ukuqeda umjikelezo wokungabi bikho kobaba. Ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza Kanye namathuba kobaba ukuthi bazibandakanye ezimpilweni zabantwana babo, singazama bese sinciphisa umthelela wobaba abangekho Kanye nokugqugquzela imindeni enempilo Kanye namandla omphakathi.
