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6 Ways to Build Your Child’s Immunity
ExpertsToddler HealthToddlers

Expert 6 Ways to Build Your Child’s Immunity

by Dr Maraschin, expert paediatrician
written by Dr Maraschin, expert paediatrician

Keeping children healthy can feel like a constant challenge, especially during cold and flu season. Many parents want to support their child’s immune system without relying on quick fixes. Knowing how to build your child’s immunity starts with everyday habits that support the body naturally over time. With consistent routines and realistic choices, immune health becomes part of daily life rather than something to worry about only when illness strikes.

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Our modern society and the advances in medicine ensure that children have a much better chance of survival when faced with a dreaded disease or an aggressive infection. On the flipside, however, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of children developing asthma, eczema, Crohn’s disease, leukaemia, autoimmune diseases and food allergies.

We live in a world where most children live in cities, are exposed to pollution and eat processed or genetically modified food. These factors all play a role in the long-term health of your child and are certainly contributors to the list of modern diseases that plague our youth.

That said, there are certainly things that parents and caregivers can do to slow the tide and conquer the odds of this phenomenon.

A lot of people have probably heard of the “hygiene hypothesis”, but for those who are not familiar with it, let me give a brief description.

What is the hygiene hypothesis?

Our immune system begins to work the moment we are born. Its function is to recognise germs that are harmful to us and that lead to disease. In order for the immune system to develop such a skill, it needs to be exposed to a variety of antigens living in our environment.

The hygiene hypothesis, therefore, suggests that avoiding environments which challenge the immune system from an early age actually contributes to immune illnesses such as asthma.

If a child is not exposed to antigens, their immune system will not know how to react when it comes into contact with germs (bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi) or environmental particles (pollen, grass, mould, animal hair or animal saliva).

A child raised in a highly sanitised home, where all kinds of antibacterial cleaning products have been used, may have an extreme response to healthy antigens simply because their immune system doesn’t know how to respond appropriately.

The hygiene hypothesis, therefore, suggests that avoiding environments which challenge the immune system from an early age actually contributes to immune illnesses such as asthma. The same goes for food allergies.

In the past, it was suggested that parents avoid giving babies certain foods for fear of allergic reactions. Recent studies have shown that by avoiding certain foods, we are actually making the food allergy situation worse.

ALSO READ: Good Handwashing Habits Are Essential to Your Hygiene

What can parents do to encourage a strong immune system and a healthier child?

  1. Breastfeeding is the first step a parent can take to prime their child’s immunity. Good microbes are passed from mom to baby through the milk and through skin-to-skin contact.
  1. It is not necessary to over-sterilise. Between 17 and 26 weeks, a baby begins eating solids and often puts objects into their mouth. At this stage, it is acceptable to rinse a fallen dummy in some clean water rather than leaving it to soak for hours in a sterilising solution.
  1. Washing hands with soap and water remains essential for good health. The overuse of hand sanitiser is unnecessary. Antibacterial products also affect good bacteria that are needed for a healthy immune system. 
  1. Allow your child to play outside. Getting dirty is such fun and is certainly a vital part of learning and experiencing the world. Over and above this, the organisms found in good soil and vegetation expose your child to healthy microbes and stimulate the immune system. Besides immunity, outdoor play increases a child’s fitness levels and is a wonderful way for your child to receive vitamin D, which is vital for healthy bones and general wellness.
  1. BabyYumYum - Build your child’s immunityHaving pets and allowing your child to interact with the furry family member will also introduce a variety of microbes. Ensuring your pet is dewormed and parasite-free is, of course, essential, but pets introduce additional stimuli for the immune system.

Even better is to take weekend breaks to working farms where your child can experience farm life first-hand and be exposed to some healthy microbes. There is a very interesting study that looked at asthma in Amish children. These children live very traditional lives, interacting with farm animals and playing outdoors. Of the 30 children studied, not a single child had asthma.

  1. Baby Yum Yum - What parents can do to encourage a strong immune system and a healthier childEnsure that your child experiences a wide variety of foods. Babies begin eating solid food around the age of 17 weeks. Colour, texture and all the food groups will ensure that your child receives all the nutrients required for a healthy immunity and prevents food allergies.

Exercise caution if there is a known allergy to certain foods in the family. There are guidelines to follow for the introduction of foods that commonly cause allergies, but foods should not be avoided unless indicated.

CHECK OUT: The Truth About Food Allergies in Kids

There is an ever-increasing number of children on treatment for asthma, ADHD, diabetes, depression and a host of other illnesses. We live in a very fast-paced world and children are often spending less than 30 minutes a day playing freely in the outdoors. Indoor time in front of some form of electronic device is often as high as six hours a day and it has consequences for our children’s health.

While no medical person would suggest living in a dirty environment or not taking necessary precautions to guard against sources of infection, it is safe to say that if we want to stimulate immunity and reduce the incidence of chronic diseases, then we, as parents, can take steps to do so.

A happy medium which allows children to play, explore and experience the world around may be the key to happier, healthier children. So, kick off your shoes and take your child outside.

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Chronic Illness and Your Child: Emotional, Social and Physical Effects
Children's HealthExpertsSchool-Age ChildrenToddler HealthToddlers

Expert Chronic Illness and Your Child: Emotional, Social and Physical Effects

by Dr Maraschin, expert paediatrician
written by Dr Maraschin, expert paediatrician

Understanding the effects of chronic illnesses on a child’s emotional, social and physical development is essential for any parent or caregiver. Chronic illnesses can influence confidence, friendships, learning and physical activity, shaping how a child experiences the world. By exploring and understanding the effects of chronic illnesses on a child’s emotional, social and physical development, we can provide the support and strategies they need to flourish, writes Dr Maraschin, expert paediatrician.

The typical cold, tummy bug or seasonal flu is all part and parcel of childhood. We expect these in young children, while their immune systems are developing. Generally, these acute illnesses pass without too much fuss. Your child will be well and happy within a few days. Unfortunately, about 20% of children worldwide suffer from what we call chronic illnesses. These are illnesses which need long-term medical treatment to keep the child healthy and to ensure the child’s quality of life is maintained. Such illnesses impact these children on a physical level but also emotionally and socially.

Why is this?

When my daughter was in grade one, her class was going on an outing to the fire station. Each child was asked to bring a “Bar One” chocolate for the fireman. Fabulous advertising for the 25-hour day of firefighters, but it caused me and my daughter some trauma. I couldn’t find a Bar One in the hospital vending machine, so I bought a chocolate pretty similar. My daughter was devastated. She no longer wanted to go on the outing. In fact, she cried all the way to school. Her chocolate was different to all the other children. She wanted to be the same as her peers.

As her teacher explained, being like her classmates was part of her desire to fit in, to be accepted and to avoid feeling awkward. My extremely shy child was trying her best to blend in, which was all part of normal social development. The different chocolates certainly didn’t support this need.

I use this as a simple example to demonstrate the effect that being different has on a child. Imagine the child with a chronic illness like asthma. This child may not be able to participate in sports during a flare-up. The diabetic child has to have a strict diet and regular injections. The child with eczema may have a nasty rash or even areas that bleed. Other children may ask questions about the child’s differences out of curiosity, empathy or teasing. Not only are these sufferers coping with difficult physical challenges, but they may also suffer emotionally and socially as a result of being different.

Let’s take a look at some of the common chronic illnesses we are referring to and how they impact these children:

We can all imagine the effects that one of the “big” chronic illnesses, like heart disease or a kidney disorder, has on children. These are devastating for the sufferer and make normal life very different to that of a healthy child. There are some chronic illnesses that affect children deeply but may go under the radar since we don’t recognise the severity of their impact on a child’s overall well-being. These include:

  1. Allergies – Allergies to food, grass, bees, medicines, hay fever and so on are very common these days. These children may suffer from sneezing, runny eyes, rashes, diarrhoea, and in severe cases, even anaphylaxis. Allergy sufferers spend many days feeling unwell and tired, which impacts their concentration at school. These children may be affected physically since their sleep is often disrupted, nutrition may not be optimal, and their ability to participate in physical activities may be limited. Over and above this, children with allergies often have anxiety about getting ill or being exposed to an allergen. Unfortunately, children who have allergies often become the subject of bullying because they are different. This leads to social isolation and difficulty with friendships.
  2. Asthma – This is a respiratory condition that affects a child’s breathing. These children have episodes of wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath. It is usually triggered by allergies but may also be a result of infection, exercise or exposure to irritants like smoke. To manage asthma, these children require medication and lifestyle modifications. They often suffer anxiety, depression and social isolation. They are often fearful of everyday activities that may trigger an attack. A child who may not participate fully in sports or outdoor activities may develop poor self-esteem due to their limitations. Even if asthma is one of the most common chronic illnesses in children and treatment has dramatically improved their lifestyle, we need to be aware of the impacts on the child.
  3. ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) – This disorder affects a child’s ability to concentrate, to control impulses, to complete tasks, manage time and to prioritise. Since these children don’t appear “sick”, the condition often leads to them being labelled as naughty, disruptive and undisciplined. Children with ADHD are often sidelined by their peers because of their behaviour. The condition makes it difficult to manage their emotions, and they often experience intense reactions to situations. This makes it hard on peers as well. School work and staying put in a chair are really tough for these children, and over the long term, these children develop poor self-esteem as a result of the complexity of the disorder. Feelings of inadequacy and depression often stem from poor self-esteem. Medication, educational support and behavioural therapy are really important to manage the effects of the disorder.
  4. Obesity – I mention this here as childhood obesity is one of the biggest challenges facing our children worldwide. Obesity is not just the cute little child who reminds us of the cherubs with angel wings and plump thighs. It is a serious health issue that leads to an increased risk of diabetes, heart disease and other chronic diseases. Obese children can’t play and run, and climb like other children. They find themselves isolated on the playground and are soft targets for bullies. All of these factors place the obese child at risk for increased mental disorders like anxiety and depression. The thing with obesity is that it can be managed. It isn’t easy to change bad eating habits and inactivity. If we acknowledge the effects of the associated chronic illnesses on these children, then the efforts of treating obesity far outweigh a life of disease.

There are other chronic illnesses, including diabetes, cystic fibrosis, epilepsy, arthritis, cancer and HIV, to name but a few. These illnesses mean that sufferers undergo years of medical intervention to manage their health challenges. I am not going to explain each one of these in depth, as the point of this blog is to make us all aware that these health challenges affect more than the child’s physical wellbeing. The emotional and social effects are just as significant. From the illnesses mentioned above, there is a common thread that runs through each one. While the diseases may be completely different, their effect on the child’s self-worth and sense of belonging remains constant.

CHECK OUT: Printable Baby Illness Logbook for Doctor Visits Made Simple

Chronic Illness and Your Child: Emotional, Social and Physical Effects

Conclusion

One of the major reasons for wanting to be a paediatrician before anything else was due to my utmost respect for children and their tenacity. Despite being very ill and subjected to ongoing medical interventions, they bounce back, smile, race around the ward pulling a drip stand behind them and give the adults in their worlds a reason to get up each day.

Having said this, we can’t ignore the fact that these children may have been traumatised by the medical treatments and the social effects of being different.

A case in point is a cystic fibrosis sufferer. Currently, a person with cystic fibrosis has a life expectancy of 30 years. This used to be 5 years. Yes, these ill children are growing up and making it into the adult world. We are so grateful to modern medicine for making it so. The survival of these individuals has also brought with it a better understanding of how these illnesses may affect children as they progress through teenage years and into adult life. It gives us great opportunities to support these children as they navigate life’s choices. An individual with a severe chronic illness may have less independence or have to choose a career that is less physically demanding. These limitations may have consequences on the individual, not only in childhood but for many years to come.

If you have a child with any kind of ongoing medical issue, then it is important that you put measures in place to support your child as they pass through each phase of growing up. Make it your goal to enlighten those around you. The school can help with the education of peers to ensure that the community is supportive, and you can seek the guidance of professionals trained in the psychosocial needs of children with chronic illnesses. This way we can support these brave individuals on all levels – physically, emotionally and socially.

References

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Natural Remedies That Actually Work for Families
Lifestyle

Natural Remedies That Actually Work for Families

by Pamela Madonsela, journalist and social media manager
written by Pamela Madonsela, journalist and social media manager

With so many old wives’ tales and wellness trends out there, it can be tricky to separate fact from fiction. That’s why we’re diving into natural remedies that actually work with no hype, just the real deal. From soothing sore throats to easing headaches, these remedies are simple, effective, and often sitting right in your kitchen or garden. Whether you’re curious or already a fan of natural solutions, these tips can help you care for your family with confidence. By Pamela Madonsela

One of the most cherished things that can be passed from generation to the next are natural remedies that you can make in the comfort of your own home. But what traditional remedies actually work and how can we use them safely?

Soweto-based urban subsistence gardener, Faith Zalekile says that growing up she was a sickly child with varying ailments. Often, Western medicine were not effective or they were not in a space to access it so her parents would make use of African medicines and herbs.

“School holidays were always fun growing up except for when gran would prepare Iboza Plant for us to drink as a laxative and help our bodies detox. We dreaded it because of its extremely bitter taste!  Having to drink a whole cup of it felt like punishment of the highest order. Gran would harvest the leaves herself and boil them in water.

We’d be called in to drink our share while the concoction was still warm. In later years as a teen, I suffered from severe migraines and she would crush the leaves of Iboza for me to inhale. I still use it to this day and I have it planted in my yard; it dulls the ache, particularly if the migraine is caught at the onset.”

Take with caution

Dr Nonjabulo Dladla says, “I do believe in some natural remedies that have existed for years without any obvious side effects.” But he also explains that children need lower dosages. Just because these are natural remedies it does mean that there could be no side effects or contraindications with other medications.

He says that pregnant women also need to be vigilant with natural remedies as there is always concern about risk to the foetus. They have decreased immunity which means illnesses can become complicated faster. They have altered function of kidney and fluid levels which may impact the amount of a substance in their system.

The elderly population often have poor kidney function which may change how their body responds. Lower doses are usually needed. Anyone on chronic medicine needs to make sure  that it doesn’t interact with any natural remedy they are taking. He advises always checking with your doctor or healthcare provider first before taking anything.

“I do believe in some natural remedies that have existed for years without any obvious side effects.”- Dr Dladla

Here are some natural remedies to try:

Flu fighters

  • Grated ginger in hot water with a dash of honey eases the chest on cold, wintry days. You can also add or boil it up with some chopped onion and garlic. You can also squeeze fresh lemon juice into it.
  • According to research, Ginger is also an effective inflammatory
  • Sugar, vinegar and fish oil is also a cough mixture that works wonders.
  • Iboza plant leaves–smash the leaves in a clean wooden bowl and boil them until the water is green, cool it down and drink it.
  • Eucalyptus or peppermint oil is brilliant for colds and unblocking the sinuses. Rub it on your forehead and glands. Be careful not to get it in your eyes.
  • Umhlonyane (Artemisia Afra) “When the winter season would start, we have always have this herb as a tea. As it has such bitter taste, my gran would boil it with Rooibos leaves and ginger. Then add lemon and honey to taste. I still use this even now for my family to combat respiratory illnesses such as flu and bronchitis and any chest congestion,” says Zalekile.
  • Gargle with salt dissolved in some warm water for a sore throat. Do this often.

ALSO READ Home remedies for nappy rash

Sleepy time

  • Camomile and lavender essential oils are very soothing and relaxing- mix them with a carrier oil like coconut or grapeseed and massage into the feet or other muscles.
  • Camomile tea is also a good choice.
  • Passiflora as a tincture can also help with sleep. Make sure to dilute in warm water.
  • If you grow them, you can boil them and make your own tea.

Painful muscles & bruises

  • Arnica oil works wonders when massaged into painful muscles and rubbed gently onto bruises.
  • If you grow the plant, you cam boil it into a tea for recovery after surgery or any kind of procedure.

Aloe Vera- the must have plant.

According to research, Aloe is a medicinal plant that has been used over the years and it can be used  for many treatments.

  • For asthma attacks you boil the aloe leaves and drink the cooled down mixture.
  • It can also be used to treat burns as well as acne or eczema by applying the gel from the aloe leaves directly to the skin.
  • Weaning your baby off breastfeeding can be a mission but rubbing aloe vera on the nipples is a trick tried by most parents. The horrible taste of the aloe vera gel puts the baby off breastfeeding.
  • It can also be used as a stress reliever.

“The issue is that we do not know what the overdose level is so we never know when we are taking too much so always consult a doctor or nurse at the clinic.” – Dr Lukhele

READ Remedies for colic

Ginger for nausea

Ginger helps with morning sicknesses or any kind of nausea. You can boil it into a tea or grate it into a tea.

Medical professional, Dr. Noma Lukhele, always advises people to seek medical attention even though they are using traditional remedies. “The issue is that we do not know what the overdose level is so we never know when we are taking too much so always consult a doctor or nurse at the clinic,” she says. Natural remedies that actually work

These dangerous symptoms always warrant urgent medical attention. Do not try to treat them at home with natural remedies:

  • shortness of breath or fast breathing
  • fever with coughing up blood
  • vomiting blood or vomiting both solids and fluids
  • diarrhoea with blood, or diarrhoea that causes weakness and muscle aches.

*always consult a medical professional before using any natural remedies for yourself, your child or baby.

ALSO READ 9 Natural mosquito bite remedies

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Signs that your child may have asthma
Zulu

Izimpawu zokuthi umntwana wakho unesifo sesifuba somoya

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum

Njengomzali, angeke wazi ukuthi umntwana wakho unesifo somoya noma cha. Ungasola nje kuphela. Ungcweti wodokotela wabantwana wase Johannesburg, uDkt Keketso Mopeli, waseNelson Mandela isibhedlela sabantwana usize ukuhlukanisa izimpawu zesifo Kanye nokubaluleka nokutholwa kwesifo esikumuntu.

Isifuba somoya yisifo somoya sesimo sokuphefumula kanti siyisifo sansukuzonke esijwayelekile ebunganeni. Imbangela yezinto eziningi; nokho, ufuzo ludlale indima enkulu. Kubonakala ngokunciphi kwemigudu yomoya okubuye kuholele ekushiseni, okuxhunyaniswa nokukhwehlela kwansukuzonke Kanye nokungakwazi ukuphefumula. “isifuba somoya isimo esisebenzayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu zingeza ziphinde zihambe,” ngokusho kuka Dkt Mopeli.

Okufanele ukubheke

Ukuhlukahlukana kwezimpawu zesifuba somoya. Esisodwa nje esejwayelekile ukuphindaphinda, kokukhwehlela okomile. Ukukhwehlela kwansuku zonke okuvamise ukwenzeka ebusuku noma ekuseni kakhulu.

Ukukhwehlela kungasuswa noma kubhebhethekiswe ukuba sezintweni ezithile. Uma umntwana edlala ibhola noma egijima. Noma uma ingane ine-allergy bese bevezwa kulezozinto abane-allergy kwizo- kungaba utshani, impova, noma anakinati – lokho kungaqala izimpawu ziqhubeka. Lezi izimo eziyamaniswa nalesifo.

“ukusebenza kwemvelo yomkhuhlane ilokho okwenza thina sisole ukuthi isifuba somoya njengoba kuphikiswa ezinye izimo ezinjengokutheleleka. Uma ingane yakho inokutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu noma inyumoniya, banemfiva futhi. Kanti abantwana abanesifuba somoya bese bebanaloku khwehlela. Abaveli njengabagulayo kungenjalo,” qaphela Dkt Mopeli.

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka ubunzima bokuphefumula; ubufishane bokuphefumula Kanye nokuthi umntwana wakho engezwa engathi isifuba sakhe siqinile.

“uma kukubi ngaleyondlela –  ilapho-ke ababakhona ukuhlaselwa isifuba somoya noma sande – ilapho ozozwa khona ukubefuzela, uma umoya wabo uqinile noma umincekile,” ngokusho kuka Dkt Mopeli.

Ukuxilongwa

“umkhuhlane uphazamisa kakhulu empilweni Kanti futhi ukukhwehlela okungapheli akukhululekisi. Sifuna ukukhulula lokokungakhululeki bese sivikela umntwana ekutheni andise lesimo, ikakhulukazi ekuhlaselweni isifuba somoya. ingakho silahlekelwa iziguli. Uma umuntu ongaxilongiwe noma osexilongiwe kodwa akekho kuhlelo lokwelapha okwilonalona noma akekho kuhlelo lwekwelapha, ubanokusabalalisa okubi, kungenza izinto zibe lukhuni bese kugcina belahlekelwa izimpilo zabo,” kusho yena.

Ukuhlonzwa kwesifuba somoya kungaba lula noma kubenzima kuncike minyakeni yomntwana nokuthi siziveza kanjani.

“sihlukanisa abantwana bebengamaqoqo ababili eminyaka: abangaphansi kwemithathu noma abaneminyaka emine Kanye nangaphezulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ilokho umzali akutshela yona. Amaphuzu amqoka amabili okuxilongwa umlando Kanye nokuhlolwa.”

“sithatha umlando womntwana bese sibheka ukukhwehlela ngokuphelele. Bese siphinde sibheke kwizimo eziyamaniswa nesifuba somoya. Kungabe kukhona ukudla ingane enenkinga nakho mangabe ikudlile okungabanika ukuqubuka noma kususe ukukhwehlela? Kwesinye isikhathi ingane ayinayo i-aleji ngaleso sikhathi ongahle wibone. I-aleji yobisi lwenkomo Kanye nesikhumba ziyamaniswa nesifuba somoya.”

Umlando womndeni nawo ubaluleke kakhulu. Uma isihlobo esisondele kakhulu sinesifuba somoya, kukhuphula amathuba omntwana ukuthi aqalise abenesifuba somoya. Kunesakhi sofuzo njengoba abantwana befuza ngokwamasosha omzimba ebazalini babo.

UDkt Mopeli uthi, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwamaphaphu omntwana, Ngizohlola ingane yonke ngezimo ezingaphansi kwayo. Kunezimo ezingambili kanyekanye ezihamba ndawonye nesifuba somoya. Lezi i-aleji rhinitis (aleji ehlasela amakhala), isifo sesikhumba Kanye ne-aleji yamehlo.

“uma isifuba somoya sesiqinisekisiwe, umntwana ube eseqala kuhlelo lokwelapha inyanga yonke. Sithumela umzali ekhaya nohlelo lwesifuba somoya – nefomu lokubhala uhlelo lokubangcono lomntwana lwansuku zonke. Uma umntwana ebuya futhi bese kuba ukuthi uphile saka, umzali angaqhubeka nohlelo lokwelapha bese elebula ingane njengenesifuba somoya kuze kuba esinye isaziso. Noma bengakhetha ukuyeka ukusebenzisa imithi. Ngesifuba somoya, izimpawu zizobuya futhi bese siyoba sesiqalisa ngohlelo lwekwelapha futhi. Lokhu okwabantu abasebancane.”

Ezinganeni esezithe ukukhula, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu kwenziwa lapho ziphephetha emshinini bese kukalwa umthamo wamaphaphu. Emva kwalokho, benze ukuzivocavoca okuncane (ukuhamba noma ukugijima phezulu kwetreadmill) ukuthola ukuthi ini ebacasulayo. Bayakuphinda ukuhlolwa, bese uma ukuhlolwa kuba kubi kakhulu (kubanezimfuno) bese udokotela angase asole, uma besebenza.

“sizobe sesinika ingane uhlelo lokwelapha – isiphefumuli esizovula amaphaphu. Bese uphinda wenza loluhlolo futhi emva kwemizuzwana engamashumi amabili.uma siluphinda futhi, kuba nokuthuthukisa okumangalisayo, bese siyazi ukuthi ngempela isifuba somoya. Lokhu kusivezela ukuthi lamaphaphu ayasebenza,” ngokusho kuka Dkt Mopeli.

Ukwelashwa

Isifuba somoya asinalo ikhambi, kodwa siyalawuleka futhi siyelapheka. Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile okuyingwayizivele kwesifuba somoya kuhogelwa icorticosteroids. Lokhu yinto yokumpompwa noma kubanamasteriod okuhogelwa azosebenziswa nsukuzonke.

“icorticosteroid ehogeliwe yehlisa ukuvuvukala kuyephansi okusemaphashini. Bese siyibiza umvikeli noma umlawuli. Ilapha izimpande ezidala isifuba somoya – okukuthi amasosha omzimba angasebenzi kahle. lokhu kuzosebenziswa nsukuzonke noma ngabe ingane iyagula noma cha. Njengomuntu onesifo sephika fanele athathe imishanguzo yakhe noma ngabe igazi emzimbeni likahle, okufanayo nesifuba somoya,” kusho uDkt Mopeli.

“imishanguzo yomntwana lapho ekhwehlela, ukuba nokuhlaselwa noma uma izifuba zabo ziqinile ibizwa iBeta-gonist. Lesi isiphefumuli esivula amaphaphu. Siphinde sisibize njengomphumuzi. Uma umuntu wasemtholampilo esola ukuthi umntwana wakho unesifuba somoya, fanele bebaqalise kukona kokubili isiphefumuli se corticosteroid Kanye ne beta-agonist. Ilokho okushiwo umhlahlandlela. Leyo imishanguzo yokuqala.”

Kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo lokwelashwa okwilona lona Kanye nemithamo yemishanguzo, Kanye nendlela efanele. Usokhemesi noma udokotela weziguli uzofundisa abazali.

“ezinganeni ezincane ezingakwazi ukuhogela noma ukubamba ukuphefumula kwabo, kunamadivayisi ahlanganisa isimbozi esivala ikhala Kanye nomlomo bese kuba igumbi likashekhasi elidedela umshanguzo kulona. Bonke abantwana badinga ukuphefumula Kanye nokuhogela lomshanguzo, uDkt Mopeli echaza.

“kuya ngokuthi ingane inani, singangeza isifutho samakhala, uma sikholelwa ekutheni ingane ine-aleji ye rhinitis. Ungangeza I antihistamine uma kukuthi uyakholelwa ekutheni ngane ine-aleji. Ingane kungenzeka ithatha imishanguzo yomlomo futhi. Lemishanguzo kuvame ukuba imishanguzo eyengeziwe uma idingeka,” ngeseluleko sakhe.

Uma kukuthi uyazi inevusa isifuba somoya, zibalekele lezo zinto. Uma abazali abanasiqiniseko, ukuholwa kwegazi noma ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kungenziwa ukunikezela ngomhlahlandlela ocacile.

“uma nje ingane yakho ikeyaba kuhlelo lokwelapha, baqapheleni. thola indlela womthamo okuyiwona womshanguzo Kanye nokuyihlanganisa, bese uma behlala belawulwa noma bephilile, emvakwesikhathi singakwehlisa. Mhlampe ngelinye ilanga ungayekela kwakuthatha yona leyomshanguzo. Ezinye izingane isifuba somuya sikhuela ngaphandle abanye akubi njalo,” kusho uDkt Mopeli.

Umthelela oshaqisayo wobaba abangekho eNingizimu Afrika

Labo baba abangekho empilweni yezingane zabo kunemiphumela engemihle kukona kokubili ezingeni lomuntu ngayedwa Kanye nomphakathi ngobubanzi. Kanti eNingizimu Afrika, lena inking ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusho kuka Tsholofelo Masela.

Kuyiqinso ukuthi izingane ezingamaphesenti angama 70 eNingizimu Afrika ziphila ngaphandle kobaba bazo emakhaya. Umthelela womphakathi ngokungabi khona kobaba ubaluleke kakhulu futhi ubanzi. Iyiphi imiphumela enganakugwemeka yalokhu?

Izinselelo ezingokozwelo & nezokuziphatha

Izingane ezinobaba abangekho ezimpilweni zabo zibhekana nokuntula iziqondiso Kanye nokwesekwa ekwenzeni noma ekuthatheni iznqumo eziphusile Kanye nokuqonda ubudlelwano. Ukuxubeka kwemizwa Kanye nezinselelo zokuziphatha izona zinkinga eziyisisekelo ezibhekana nezingane ezingenabo obaba. ngokwesibonelo,Labantwana banamathuba amathuba amaningi okubanezinkinga zokungazethembi, ukucindezeleka, Kanye nokubanobunzima bokwakha ubudlelwano obunempilo.

Ukungabi khona komuntu owubaba kuholela ekutheni uzizwe ulahliwe kanti kubanomthelela wokuntengantenga kokukhua komqondo, ikakhulu kubafana abanganabo obaba. Esimweni samantombazane akhula engenabo obaba, maningi amathuba okuthi bazihlanganise nokuziphatha ngokocansi olwiyingozi bese beba semathubeni amakhulu okungena ezigamekweni zokukhulelwa kwezingane. Izinselelo zenhlalo nokuthuthuka nokukhula ngaphandle komuntu owubaba kobona bobabili abafana Kanye namantombazane ziningi.

Owesilisa okhona futhi onamandla unikezela ngezeluleko Kanye nangeziqondiso, okukhuphula amandla omntwana okukwazi ukwethemba Kanye nokwakha amandla abo okuxhumana kahle nabanye abantu. Ukungabi khona kukababa ekhaya kungagqugquzela ukuxebuka Kanye nokungabambisani nomphakathi,okungahle kubangele ukuntengantenga kokukhula kwengqondo.

Izingane zobaba abakade bengekho ezimpilweni zabo ngebhadi bayayiphnda iphethini yokulaxaza ezabo izingane noma ukuzala izingane kubudlelwano obehlukahlukene ngaphandle kokweseka okungaguquki. Lomjikelezo ungachaphazela izizukulwane nezizukulwane bese iholela ekutheni kubenokusabalala okukhulu komama abakhulisa izingane bodwa emakhaya.

Izinselelo zomama abakhulisa izingane bodwa

Omama abakhulisa bodwa abantwana babekezelela isibopho sokukhulisa abantwana bodwa, ngaphandle kokwesekwa noma ukubandakanyeka kobaba babo, banemizwa emikhulu, ezezimali Kanye nokucindezeleka ngokomzimba phezulu kwabo. Lokhu kwenza kubenezinselelo ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zabantwana ngendlela efanele.

Ukukhathala, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa kanti nakwezinye izimo, uphuzoludakayo Kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa izona zinselelo zomama abakhulisa abantwana bodwa. lokhu kunjalo, kuchaphazela abantwana kabi labo, ukunokuba nomzali oyedwa osebenzayo, manje uphila neqiniso lomzali ongazinzile kahle engqondweni Kanye nomunye ongekho kwakuba khona.

Imiphumela yomphakathi

Imiphakathi enenani eliphezulu lobaba abangekho empilweni zabantwana babo kaningi bavame kubhekana nezinselelo zenhlalo Kanye nakwezomnotho. Ukuntuleka kwabantu abayizibonelo ezinhle Kanye nesakhiwo somndeni ozinzile kungaba nomthelela kwinani eliphezulu lobugebengu, ukungabinakuthula ekuhlaleni, Kanye nobudlelwano bomphakathi obunzima. Isakhiwo somndeni sinegalelo elikhulu endleleni abantwana abakhula ngayo ngokwemizwa Kanye nokuziphatha ngokwengqondo.

Abazali abakhulisa bodwa izingane akufanele kulindelwe ukuthi bahlinzeke ngazo zonke lezakhiwo ngaphandle kosizo. Lokhu kunegalelo elibi ekukhuleni kwabantwana labo abanabazali abangamile kahle ngokomzimba, ngokwemizwa Kanye nezezimali kodwa balindelwe ukuthi bahlinzeke ngazo zonke izinto ezifanele ukukhuliswa kwabantwana babo.

Ukubhekana nenkinga

Abantwana abakhule ngaphandle kwezibonelo ezinhle zabesilisa ezimpilweni zabo bakuthola kubanzima ukuzula umehluko wobulili ngenxa yokukhula kwabo njengoba kubaveze kwinhlobo yemizwa yabesifazane, ngokomzimba Kanye nokuziphatha ngokwengqondo. Ingakho izinhlelo ezinjengalezi abafana emadodeni zikhona lapho abafana abasebancane Kanye namadoda aseqinile esebenza ndawonye ukugcwalisela izinselelo ezikhulayo zasekuhlaleni ezibangelwa obaba abangekho empilweni zabantwana babo.

Ukubhekana nenkinga yobaba abangekho empilweni zabantwana babo kudinga indlela enezici eningi, njengokubandakanya uhlaka lokwesekwa kwabazali abakhulisa abantwana bodwa, izinhlelo zezemfundo ezigqugquzela ububaba obunomthwalo wemfanelo, Kanye nezinhlelo eziqonde ukuqeda umjikelezo wokungabi bikho kobaba. Ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza Kanye namathuba kobaba ukuthi bazibandakanye ezimpilweni zabantwana babo, singazama bese sinciphisa umthelela wobaba abangekho Kanye nokugqugquzela imindeni enempilo Kanye namandla omphakathi.

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Signs that your child may have asthma
Health & WellnessChildren's HealthExpertsToddler Health

Expert Signs that your child may have asthma

by Kgomotso Moncho-Maripane
written by Kgomotso Moncho-Maripane

As a parent, you can’t know if your child has asthma or not. You can suspect it. Johannesburg Specialist Paediatric Pulmonologist, Dr Keketso Mopeli ,of the Nelson Mandela’s Children’s Hospital helps break down the symptoms of the disease and the importance of a diagnosis.

Asthma is an airways disease of the respiratory system and the most common chronic condition of childhood. The causes are multifactorial; however, genetics play a big role. It is characterised by the narrowing of the airways which leads to inflammation, which is linked to a chronic cough and difficulty breathing. “Asthma is a reactive condition. This means symptoms can come and go,” Dr Mopeli says.

What to look out for

Asthma symptoms range. The most common one is a recurrent, dry cough. This is a chronic cough that usually occurs at night or early in the morning.

The cough could be triggered or aggravated by exposure to certain things. If the child is playing sports or running. Or if the child has allergies and they are exposed to those allergens – whether grass, pollen, or peanuts – that can start symptoms going. These are associated conditions of the disease.

“The reactive nature of the cough is what makes us suspect asthma as opposed to other conditions like an infection. If your child has an upper respiratory tract infection or pneumonia, they have fever as well. Whereas children with asthma just have this cough. They don’t appear ill otherwise,” notes Dr Mopeli.

Other symptoms include difficulty breathing; shortness of breath and your child may feel like their chest is tight.

“If it’s really bad – this is when they’re having an asthma attack or an exacerbation – you’ll hear a wheeze, when the airways are tight or narrow,” Dr Mopeli says.

Getting diagnosed

Dr Mopeli believes it is vital to get diagnosed for a good quality of life.

“A cough is very disruptive to life and a chronic cough is uncomfortable. We want to relieve that discomfort and protect the child from having an exacerbation, commonly called an asthma attack. That is how we lose patients. If a person who is undiagnosed or who has been diagnosed but is not on the correct treatment or not on treatment, has a severe exacerbation, it may complicate things and they may end up losing their life,” she says.

Asthma diagnosis can be easy or hard depending on the age of the child and how it presents.

“We divide the children into two age groups: Under three or four years old and the ones above. The most important thing is what the parent tells you. Two main points of diagnosis are history and examination.”

“We take the child’s history and look at the cough holistically. We also look at the associated conditions of asthma. Are there any foods that the child is allergic to that give them a rash and aggravate the cough? Sometimes the child does not have an allergy at the time that you’re seeing them. Cow’s milk allergy and eczema are associated with asthma.”

Family history is also very important. If a close relative is an asthmatic, it increases the likelihood of a child developing asthma. There’s a genetic component as children inherit their immune system from their parents.

Dr Mopeli continues, “before examining the child’s lungs, I will examine the entire child for underlying conditions. There are co-morbid conditions that often go together with asthma. These are allergic rhinitis, eczema and allergic conjunctivitis.

“If asthma is confirmed, the child gets started on treatment for a month. We send the parent home with an asthma diary – a form taking note of the child’s progress every day. If the child comes back and is completely well, the parent can continue with the treatment and label the child as asthmatic until further notice. Or they can choose to stop the treatment. With asthma, the symptoms will come back and then we’ll start treatment again. This is for the young ones.”

For older kids, a lung function test is done where they blow into a machine and measure their lung volume. After that, they do a bit of exercise (walking or running on the treadmill) to find out what irritates them. They repeat the test, and if the test is much worse (there are criteria) then the doctor might get suspicious, if they’re reactive.

“We will then give the child treatment – an inhaler that will open up the lungs. And repeat the test again 20 minutes later. If when we repeat it again, there’s an impressive improvement, then we know that this is absolutely asthma. This shows us that these lungs are reactive,” says Dr Mopeli.

Treatment  

Asthma has no cure, but it is completely controllable and treatable. The gold standard treatment for asthma is inhaled corticosteroids. This is a pump or a steroid inhaler that is to be used every single day.

“The inhaled corticosteroid calms the inflammatory system down in the lungs. We call it a preventor or a controller. It treats the root cause of asthma – which is an immune system that has gone rogue. This is to be used daily whether the child is sick or not. Just like a person with high blood pressure must take their medication even if the blood pressure is normal, the same applies with asthma,” says Dr Mopeli.

“Medication for when the child is coughing, having an attack or when their chest is tight is called a Beta-agonist. This is an inhaler to open up the lungs. We also call it a reliever. If a clinician suspects that your child has asthma, they must start them on both the corticosteroid inhaler and the beta-agonist. That is what the guidelines say. Those are the primary medications.”

It is important to have the right treatment and medication doses, as well as the correct technique. A pharmacist or a clinician will teach the parents.

“For young children who can’t inhale or hold their breath, there are devices which are a combination of a mask covering the nose and mouth and a plastic chamber to release the medication into. All the child needs to do is breathe and inhale the medicine,” Dr Mopeli explains.

“Depending on anything else that the child has, we might add a nasal spray, if we believe the child has allergic rhinitis. You can add an antihistamine if you believe that the child has allergies. The child can be on some oral medication as well. These are usually add-on medications. And you need to save that add-on medication for when it is needed,” she advises.

If you know what asthma triggers are, avoid them. If parents aren’t sure, blood tests or skin prick tests can be done to give clear guidelines.

“Once your child is under treatment, monitor them. Figure out what the perfect medication dose and combination is for them, and if they stay controlled and they’re well, overtime we can cut it down. Maybe one day you can even stop the treatment. Some children do outgrow asthma. Some children don’t,” says Dr Mopeli.

Read more here on managing asthma https://babyyumyum.com/manage-asthma/

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Managing Asthma in Children: Yes, It’s Possible!
Parenting

Managing Asthma in Children: Yes, It’s Possible!

by BabyYumYum (Supplied)
written by BabyYumYum (Supplied)

A childhood asthma diagnosis can feel overwhelming for parents, but the good news is that asthma can be effectively managed. With the right treatment, lifestyle adjustments, and awareness of triggers, children with asthma can live active, happy, and healthy lives. By understanding asthma triggers, ensuring the proper use of inhalers and medications, and making small changes to daily routines, parents can help reduce the frequency and severity of asthma symptoms. Let's explore how to manage asthma in children, helping parents feel empowered and children breathe easier.

Workers’ Day is not only a reason to take a day off work; 1 May is also World Asthma Day and throughout May, the Allergy Foundation of SA (AFSA) is raising awareness of this distressing condition with advice and guidelines on how best to manage it.

Correctly managed and treated, asthma can be controlled and it is important to seek medical help as soon as symptoms are experienced. Prof. Claudia Gray, paediatrician and allergologist, says, “Asthma is the most common non-communicable disease and as such deserves much attention.

The goal is for asthmatics to lead as normal and active a life as possible. Accurate diagnosis and tailored, effective treatment are essential and very possible in the South African context.”

“Asthma affects people of all ages, although the onset is more often during childhood. It is the most common chronic childhood disease.”

how to manage your child's asthmaAsthma facts

  1. South Africa has the fifth highest asthma-related death rate in the world.
  2. A conservative annual figure of asthma-related fatalities in SA is 15 000, of which 12 000 should be preventable.
  3. Asthma is also the third most common illness resulting in hospitalisation, adding significantly to healthcare costs in both the public and private sectors.
  4. Eight out of 10 asthmatics will also suffer from allergic rhinitis, or hay fever.
  5. Asthma affects people of all ages, although the onset is more often during childhood. It is the most common chronic childhood disease, with approximately 20% of children and 10% of adults having asthma.
  6. Young children who frequently have wheezing symptoms, with or without viral infections, are the most likely to have asthma.
  7. Other associated risk factors include allergies such as eczema, or parents who have asthma.
  8. Many, but not all, people with asthma have allergies to environmental allergens such as house dust mite or grass.
  9. In children, more boys than girls have asthma, but among adults, more women than men have the disease! It’s not clear whether or how sex and sex hormones play a role in causing asthma.
  10. Some people may develop asthma because of contact with chemicals or dust in their workplace. This type of asthma is called occupational asthma.

For more detail on how to manage asthma visit: http://www.allergyfoundation.co.za/patient-information/en/asthma/ and download the free AFSA leaflet: “How to control asthma”.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – Managing Asthma in Children

What is asthma in children?

Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the airways, causing inflammation and narrowing, which makes breathing difficult. It is common in children and can be triggered by allergens, infections, or environmental factors.

What are the symptoms of asthma in children?

Asthma symptoms vary but may include:

  • Frequent coughing (especially at night or after exercise)
  • Wheezing (a whistling sound when breathing)
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest tightness or discomfort
  • Episodes of worsening breathing (asthma attacks)

What triggers asthma in children?

Common asthma triggers include:

  • Allergens (dust mites, pollen, pet dander, mould)
  • Cold air or weather changes
  • Exercise or physical activity
  • Respiratory infections (colds, flu)
  • Smoke, pollution, or strong odours
  • Stress or strong emotions

How is childhood asthma diagnosed?

Doctors may diagnose asthma based on:

  • Medical history and symptoms
  • Physical examination
  • Lung function tests (for older children)
  • Allergy testing if allergens are suspected triggers

Can asthma be cured?

There is no permanent cure for asthma, but it can be effectively managed with the right treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Many children experience fewer symptoms as they grow older, but some may have asthma into adulthood.

How can I help my child manage asthma?

  • Ensure they take prescribed medications correctly
  • Identify and avoid triggers as much as possible
  • Monitor symptoms and peak flow readings (if advised by a doctor)
  • Encourage regular, moderate exercise (with proper precautions)
  • Ensure flu and pneumonia vaccinations to reduce respiratory infections

What medications are used to treat asthma in children?

Doctors typically prescribe two types of medication:

  • Reliever inhalers (short-acting bronchodilators) – Used for quick relief during an asthma attack (e.g., Salbutamol/Ventolin).
  • Preventer inhalers (corticosteroids or long-acting medication) – Used daily to reduce airway inflammation and prevent attacks.

How do I know if my child’s asthma is well-controlled?

A child’s asthma is well-managed if they:

  • Have minimal symptoms and rarely use a reliever inhaler
  • Sleep well without coughing or wheezing
  • Can play and exercise normally without breathing issues
  • Have no recent hospital visits or severe attacks

What should I do if my child has an asthma attack?

  1. Stay calm and reassure your child.
  2. Give their reliever inhaler (usually 2–4 puffs, with a spacer if needed).
  3. Encourage slow, steady breathing and sit them upright.
  4. If symptoms do not improve within 5–10 minutes, repeat the inhaler and seek immediate medical help.
  5. Call emergency services if breathing worsens, they become drowsy, or their lips turn blue.

Can my child still play sports if they have asthma?

Yes, children with asthma can participate in sports with proper management. Warming up before exercise, using a reliever inhaler before activity (if prescribed), and avoiding extreme weather conditions can help. Swimming is often recommended as it strengthens lung function.

Are there any natural remedies for asthma?

There is no proven natural cure for asthma, but lifestyle measures such as a balanced diet, hydration, breathing exercises, and reducing allergen exposure can help manage symptoms. Always consult a doctor before trying alternative treatments.

How can I create an asthma-friendly home?

  • Keep the home free of dust and mould
  • Use hypoallergenic bedding
  • Keep pets out of bedrooms
  • Avoid strong scents, air fresheners, and cigarette smoke

When should I take my child to the doctor for asthma?

See a doctor if your child:

  • Frequently needs their reliever inhaler
  • Has nighttime coughing or wheezing
  • Struggles to keep up with activities
  • Has worsening symptoms or recent hospital visits

Where can I get support for managing childhood asthma in South Africa?

You can seek advice from GPs, paediatricians, respiratory specialists, and asthma support organisations such as the Allergy Society of South Africa – ALLSA. Many government clinics also provide asthma education programmes.

 

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace medical advice. If your child has asthma symptoms, consult a doctor or paediatrician for proper diagnosis and treatment.

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