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pregnancy

Pregnancy

Want to know what it feels like to be pregnant and what symptoms to expect at each stage?

Here you can track your pregnancy week by week and receive information on how big your baby is, baby’s estimated weight and length, and the changes your body goes through at each stage of pregnancy.

We also have tips and advice from gynaecologists, doulas, midwives and other experts on pregnancy nutrition, exercise, risks, how to take care of your body and health while pregnant, solutions to common problems like heartburn, where to buy maternity clothing in South Africa and what to pack in your hospital bag.

Pregnancy Weight Gain: What’s Normal and Healthy
Health & WellnessPregnancyYour Health

Pregnancy Weight Gain: What’s Normal and Healthy

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum

It’s one of those things everyone seems to have an opinion on—pregnancy weight gain: what’s normal and healthy. Whether it’s from your doctor, a well-meaning aunt, or that friend who “barely gained anything,” the pressure can feel overwhelming. But here’s the truth: your body is doing something incredible, and some weight gain is not just normal—it’s essential. Let’s unpack what’s truly healthy, without judgement or stress.

How much weight should you gain during pregnancy? It’s a question so many expecting moms ask. But weight gain in pregnancy is incredibly variable – so how much is too much? Or too little? Sister Lilian from Sensitive Midwifery weighs in.

The average weight gain in a woman who is not under- or overweight when falling pregnant, and has an uncomplicated pregnancy, is between 2–4kg in the first 20 weeks, and a further 10–14kg in the next 20 weeks. Generally, one expects an increase of at least 1.5–2kg each month from 20 weeks, but there will be times that this is a little more or less.

Appropriate weight gain during pregnancy: use your BMI as a starting point

Assessing how much is an appropriate amount of weight to put on during pregnancy is not without its challenges. A healthy pregnant woman who is not under- or overweight would have a BMI (body mass index) between 18.5 and 24.9, and would have an expected weight gain as mentioned above.

A useful guide to BMI variations from the norm and suggested weight gain for a singleton pregnancy is as follows:

  • An underweight woman would have a BMI below 18.5 and should gain between 12.7–18kg
  • An overweight woman would have a BMI of 25–29.9 and should gain no more than 6.8–11.36kg
  • An obese woman would have a BMI of 30 or higher and should gain no more than 5–9kg

ALSO READ: Heartburn during pregnancy: causes, symptoms & treatment

If a woman is pregnant with twins:

  • A healthy pregnant woman who is not under- or overweight should gain between 16.8–24.5kg
  • A pregnant woman who is overweight should gain no more than 14–22.7kg
  • An obese woman should gain no more than 11.4–19kg

BMI & weight gain during pregnancy

The body mass index (BMI) is a statistic first developed by astronomer, mathematician, statistician and sociologist Adolphe Quetelet around 1830–50, although it was only named as such by physiologist Ancel Keys in 1972. It is calculated by dividing body mass in kg by the square of body height (in m).

The BMI is not infallible and cannot take every determining factor into account, but has proven its worth as a useful guide.

Weight gain during pregnancy: where does the weight go?

Often in the earlier weeks of pregnancy, due to nausea and other digestive discomforts, a woman will not pick up any weight at all – or may even lose some. Weight loss in pregnancy may at times be problematic, but not if the mother eats healthily and her baby seems to develop as expected. Some women pick up less weight generally, some more than the average values.

Here’s how an average of 13.6kg is distributed in a woman’s body at the end of pregnancy:

  • Baby 3.4kg
  • Placenta 0.7kg
  • Increased tissue fluid volume 1.8kg
  • Increased uterine weight 0.9kg
  • Increased breast tissue weight 0.9kg
  • Amniotic fluid 0.9kg
  • Increased blood volume 1.8kg
  • Maternal nutrient stores 3.2kg

YOU MUST CHECK OUT: Pregnancy Weight Gain Calculator & Free Weight Tracker Download

Gaining and losing weight during pregnancy

  • If a woman is overweight to begin with, it is possible to lose weight while pregnant if eating and exercising sensibly. She may follow sensible and well-known pregnancy eating plans approved by a pregnancy diet specialist – note that this is not always the doctor or midwife!
  • If a pregnant woman retains a lot of fluid, it can significantly affect her weight and should always be investigated for possible pre-eclampsia or HELLP.
  • If weight gain is excessively low, this needs to be evaluated in terms of overall development of the baby – if there are no developmental delays and the mother also seems healthy, there is usually no reason for concern.

Most importantly, pregnant women should be advised to eat healthy foods 90% of the time and exercise regularly. In most cases, simply being mindful about healthy choices is the key to gaining the appropriate amount of weight during pregnancy.

giphy - BabyYumYum

This article was written by Midwife Louette Maccallum and was originally published on Sensitive Midwifery. You can read the original article here.

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ALSO CHECK OUT: Chinese Gender Chart

FAQs: Pregnancy Weight Gain

Is it normal to gain most of the weight in the third trimester?

Yes, it’s common for weight gain to increase during the third trimester as the baby grows rapidly and your body retains more fluid in preparation for birth.

What if I’m gaining too much weight?

Gaining more than the recommended amount may increase the risk of complications such as gestational diabetes or high blood pressure. Speak to your midwife or doctor for support and advice on healthy eating and activity.

What if I’m not gaining enough weight?

If you’re struggling to gain weight, especially in the second or third trimester, speak to your healthcare provider. It’s important your baby is growing well and you’re getting the nutrients you need.

Does weight gain mean I’m eating too much?

Not necessarily. Many factors affect weight gain, including fluid retention, metabolism, and how your body adapts to pregnancy. Focus on eating balanced meals rather than calorie counting.

Can I diet while pregnant?

Restrictive dieting is not recommended during pregnancy. Instead, aim for a healthy, varied diet and speak to a healthcare professional if you’re concerned about your weight.

What foods should I focus on to support healthy weight gain?

Choose whole grains, lean proteins, dairy, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. Limit sugary snacks and processed foods, but don’t stress over occasional treats. Also take a look at: Pregnancy Nutrition: Why Your Diet Matters.

Is it safe to exercise during pregnancy?

Yes, unless advised otherwise by your doctor. Moderate activities like walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga can support healthy weight gain and overall wellbeing. Get more insights: Exercise during pregnancy: benefits, safety precautions & what to avoid.

Will I lose the pregnancy weight after birth?

Some weight is lost immediately after delivery, but the rest may take weeks or months. Healthy eating, gentle exercise, and breastfeeding (if you choose to) can help, but give your body time to recover. 

Does every woman gain weight the same way during pregnancy?

No. Weight gain varies greatly depending on body type, lifestyle, genetics, and other factors. It’s important not to compare yourself to others.

Should I weigh myself regularly during pregnancy?

Your healthcare provider will monitor your weight at antenatal visits. Weighing yourself at home is optional, but avoid becoming overly focused on the numbers.

 

Disclaimer: This information is for general guidance only and does not replace medical advice. Always consult your GP, midwife or healthcare provider regarding healthy weight gain and nutrition during pregnancy.

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Baby Yum Yum - Do you really need to buy a nursing bra & how to choose the right one
PregnancyBreastfeeding

Do you really need to buy a nursing bra & how to choose the right one

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum

During pregnancy, many women ask, “Do I really need to buy a nursing bra or can I just wear my regular bra?”

For many pregnant women or new moms, buying a breastfeeding or nursing bra is a nice-to-have, rather than a necessity, but if you can afford to invest in a few, you’ll reap the comfort and convenience benefits.

Why should you buy a nursing or feeding bra?

  • They are designed to accommodate growing or rapidly-changing breasts. Your breasts may undergo quite a dramatic change in size during pregnancy, and are likely to get bigger and smaller depending on the size and timing of feeds or pumping sessions once you’ve had your baby.
  • Most nursing bras come with multiple hooks so you can easily adjust the main band to suit your body during, and after, pregnancy.
  • They usually don’t have underwire or seams over the nipples (which might cause irritation) and are made from soft, stretchy fabric. Regular bras – particularly those with underwire – may be uncomfortable and could constrict the breast, affecting the amount of milk you produce, possibly leading to blocked ducts or even mastitis.Baby Yum Yum - Why should you buy a nursing or feeding bra

ALSO READ: Your most embarrassing birth questions answered by an expert

  • You can place nursing pads in the cups to prevent breast milk leaks, or cooling packs to soothe engorged breasts.
  • They provide support for heavier-than-usual breasts – and wearing a nursing bra may help to prevent sagging.
  • Convenience is probably the biggest reason to buy a nursing or breastfeeding bra. Special fold-down panels in the cups mean you can give your baby easy access to your breasts in a discreet way (no bunching up your regular bra to free your boob!). It’s especially useful if you can unfasten the clips with one hand.

How to choose the right breastfeeding or nursing bra

Wondering what to look for when choosing a breastfeeding or nursing bra? These are the things to consider:

  • Choose a nursing bra that’s adjustable: it should have a sturdy band for around the chest with multiple hooks to fit your changing body. Wider shoulder straps will provide additional comfort and support for heavier breasts. Ensure the nursing bra also has adjustable shoulder straps.
  • To save yourself the hassle of handwashing, choose a breastfeeding bra that’s machine washable (with no underwire). You’ll need multiple nursing bras because they get soiled a lot faster than regular bras. Ideally, try to buy three so you can wear one, wash one and have a spare for in case of a breast milk spill.
  • Opt for natural fabrics that are breathable and won’t retain moisture.

READ NEXT: These are the best places to buy maternity clothing in South Africa

How do you know your nursing or feeding bra fits properly?

  • If the cups wrinkle at the front then it’s too big.
  • The band around the chest should fit firmly, lie flat and not ride up at the back.
  • If your breasts ‘fall out’ the bottom of the cups, the bra is too big.
  • If your breasts ‘spill’ over the top or sides of the cups, the nursing bra is too small.

TAKE A LOOK AT: Our Top Picks: Breastfeeding and Nursing Covers for Moms

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Baby Yum Yum - Heartburn during pregnancy symptoms, causes and treatment
Pregnancy

Heartburn during pregnancy: symptoms, causes and treatment

by BabyYumYum (Supplied)
written by BabyYumYum (Supplied)

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During pregnancy, you may have expected some symptoms like swollen ankles and morning sickness, and even having to invest in a bigger bra. But where does this burning indigestion come from?1 The fact is that heartburn affects up to 85% of pregnant women2, with many women experiencing this uncomfortable feeling throughout all three trimesters of their pregnancy3.

Symptoms of heartburn during pregnancy

Heartburn (also called gastroesophageal reflux and acid indigestion) can feel like a burning sensation that starts behind your breastbone and travels up your oesophagus (the tube connecting your throat to your stomach). These acids can even make it all the way up your throat1. During pregnancy, the increase in the hormone progesterone causes the valve between the stomach and the oesophagus to relax3, which is why heartburn is more frequent during pregnancy3.

Diet changes that can help reduce or manage heartburn during pregnancy

Hannelise Rademan, a Registered Dietitian currently volunteering at Worcester Provincial Hospital in the Western Cape, says that following a healthy, nutritious diet, which includes adequate fibre such as wholegrains, fruit and vegetables, is very important. Ideally, your diet should be low in fat4.

“Limit fried foods, cream sauces, gravies, fatty meats, pastries, nuts, potato chips, butter and margarine,” she says, and adds that moderate portions of protein should be included to stimulate a hormone called gastrin to aid digestion and increase valve (known as LES or lower oesophageal sphincter) pressure4.

Why do you get heartburn during pregnancy?

As your uterus expands with your growing baby, it places pressure on your stomach, which also increases the likelihood of acid reflux, especially if your stomach is full1.

Drinking liquids at the same time as eating your food can create a full “sloshy” stomach environment primed for heartburn1. “Fluids may be better taken between meals to avoid distension (or swelling) of the stomach and carbonated beverages should also be avoided,” Rademan says4.

“Avoid large meals that increase gastric pressure, and rather eat smaller meals throughout the day”4, she says. This helps to avoid overwhelming the stomach and allows it to empty more quickly.

Rademan recommends that during acute bouts of heartburn, eat small frequent meals of soft and bland foods4.

Baby Yum Yum - What foods can cause heartburn during pregnancy

What foods can cause heartburn during pregnancy?

Fatty meals, coffee (both decaffeinated and regular), chocolate, peppermint and spearmint, garlic and onion are all foods that can exacerbate heartburn during pregnancy and should be avoided4. This includes acidic and spicy foods that create more stomach acid than blander alternatives, and should be avoided by those suffering from heartburn1.

Although smoking and drinking alcohol should not be part of pregnancy regardless, these can also negatively affect valve pressure and increase heartburn4.

What can you do to prevent heartburn during pregnancy?

Lifestyle adaptations can also be helpful to alleviate symptoms of heartburn4. These include not eating for within 3 to 4 hours before going to sleep at night, staying upright and avoiding vigorous activity after eating and not wearing tight-fitting clothing4.

Treatment of heartburn during pregnancy

Some natural and alternative remedies that may help relieve symptoms include ginger and lemon water or chewing gum4. Eating yogurt or drinking a glass of milk or even adding a tablespoon of honey in a glass of warm milk might also help ease symptoms or heartburn5.

Heartburn is common and uncomfortable during pregnancy, but it should subside once you give birth and your hormone levels return to normal. While you may not be able to prevent heartburn altogether, simple lifestyle changes, such as eating small meals, avoiding spicy or fatty foods, and sleeping with your head and shoulders elevated, might help ease the symtoms1.

Information supplied by PregOmega for Gelusil Plus® which has been proven to be suitable and effective to relieve symptoms of heartburn during pregnancy6. Gelusil Plus® is an antacid suspension that can be taken to relieve heartburn in pregnancy3,6. This treatment has a dual mode of action that neutralises stomach acid whilst creating a barrier to reduce acid reflux into the oesophagus6.

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What Is HypnoBirthing® and Does It Really Work?
ExpertsParentingPregnancy

Expert What Is HypnoBirthing® and Does It Really Work?

by Tamryn Schmahl, doula and HypnoBirthing® childbirth educator
written by Tamryn Schmahl, doula and HypnoBirthing® childbirth educator

If you're hoping for a calmer, more positive birth experience, you might be wondering: what is HypnoBirthing® & how does it work? Here's everything you need to know... HypnoBirthing® isn’t magic—it’s a method that uses relaxation, breathing and visualisation to help you approach birth with confidence and calm. More and more parents are turning to this technique to reduce fear, pain and stress during labour. Let’s break it down and see if it could work for you. Written by Tamryn Schmahl, doula and HypnoBirthing® childbirth educator.

HypnoBirthing® – The Mongan Method is a complete, evidence-based antenatal course for parents who desire a natural childbirth. It is as much a philosophy as it is a technique, and it teaches you that, in the absence of fear and tension, or special medical circumstances, severe pain does not have to be an accompaniment of labour.

When using HypnoBirthing® techniques, you will experience birthing in an atmosphere of calm relaxation, free of the fear that prevents the muscles of your body from functioning as nature intended them to. In this calm state, your body’s natural relaxant, endorphins, replaces the stress hormones that constrict and cause pain.

Watch the video or scroll down for more info

How does HypnoBirthing® work?

Much of HypnoBirthing® is based on the work of a British obstetrician called Dr Grantly Dick-Read who, after witnessing three painless childbirths, came to realise the huge role that fear plays in birth. The fear-tension-pain syndrome was discovered! When you understand how to activate your parasympathetic nervous system and deactivate your sympathetic nervous system, your labour and birthing journey is made easier.

Through a well-thought-out programme of deep relaxation, special breathing techniques, visualisations, affirmations, and education, HypnoBirthing® prepares a birthing couple – physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually – for an easier, more comfortable birth.

ALSO READ: Checklist – what to pack in your hospital bag when you give birth

Can you use HypnoBirthing® only for natural births in South Africa?

Not at all! Although HypnoBirthing® is traditionally used by parents who wish to experience a natural childbirth, the breathing and relaxation techniques and the decision-making tools you learn during the course will benefit you when preparing for a caesarean birth, too – and any other life event, for that matter! One of the affirmations used in HypnoBirthing® says: “I am prepared to calmly meet whatever turn my birthing may take.”

In addition to the tools you learn in HypnoBirthing®, you are also taught a lot of additional information that is relevant to all forms of birthing, for example how to bond with your baby, what they experience in the womb, pregnancy nutrition and body toning, how to support your partner through birth, delayed cord clamping, breastfeeding, and the fourth trimester. We even have some special relaxation scripts especially for caesarean births, partners, and breastfeeding.

Does HypnoBirthing® make the birth painless?

With HypnoBirthing®, what you put in is really what you get out. The longer the course is and the more you practise relaxing, the less fear, tension, and pain you will experience. This is also in line with the research studies that have been carried out on the efficacy of HypnoBirthing®.

Of course, every birthing parent is different, and if special circumstances arise, they may well lead to pain (which is the body’s way of alerting you to the fact that there is something wrong). In the words of the founder, Marie Mongan: “We do not promise a pain-free or painless birth. We say easier, shorter, more comfortable. But there are many, many who do birth painlessly. I was one of them. I never felt a smidgen of pain.”What is HypnoBirthing

Can I still have an epidural or other pain relief during a HypnoBirth®?

Yes, you definitely can. HypnoBirthing® lessens and often eliminates your need for pharmacological pain relief, and we teach additional non-medical comfort measures, too, but the two methods are certainly not mutually exclusive. HypnoBirthing® parents are just less likely to want or need additional pain relief because they know and understand how to use their bodies’ own natural relaxant to bring about a more comfortable birth.

What if someone has tried to hypnotise me before and it hasn’t worked?

All hypnosis is actually self-hypnosis, thus you need to allow yourself to be “hypnotised”. If it is not in your best interest to be hypnotised, or the suggestion you are receiving does not align with your wishes, it won’t work. Hypnosis is simply a state of consciousness – one that many of us actually enter into on a daily basis.

If you have ever driven on “autopilot”, become engrossed in a movie, prayed, meditated, or daydreamed, you have been in a state of self-hypnosis or – as I prefer to call it – focused relaxation. Many parents who do HypnoBirthing® are pleasantly surprised to find how easily they can enter into this wonderful state of relaxation, and they find it becomes easier and easier over time.

READ NEXT: These are the best South African celebrity-inspired maternity photo shoots

I’m worried about all the weird things I’ve seen hypnotists do on stage etc. Is this the same thing?

If you think you’re going to be clucking like a chicken, you have nothing to worry about! Stage hypnosis is very different to the form of self-relaxation you will find yourself doing in HypnoBirthing®. During stage hypnosis, the person being hypnotised is a wiling participant, and it is done purely for entertainment purposes. During HypnoBirthing®, the intention is only to relax yourself so that you can reduce your fears and calm your body and mind in order to allow them to function as they should during the birthing process. When you have your baby with HypnoBirthing®, you will not be in a trance or asleep.

What you will experience is similar to the daydreaming, or focusing, that occurs when you are engrossed in a book or staring into a fire. You will be conversant and in good spirits – totally relaxed, but fully in control. Awake throughout, you will be aware of your body’s surges and your baby’s progress; but because you will have trained yourself to reach complete relaxation, you will be able to determine the degree and the manner in which you will feel the surges.

Can I only do HypnoBirthing® if I have a doula or midwife? Or are obstetricians in South Africa open to hypnobirthing?

Generally, your care provider would be open to any method of coping with labour that can lead to a calmer, more pleasant experience. During the course, you will receive a handout for your care provider so that, even if they have never heard of the method before, they can learn and understand the logic behind the method and how to support you in your wishes.

As the majority of women in South Africa still find themselves birthing at hospitals, and considering the increasing popularity of the HypnoBirthing® method, it is likely that your care provider would have heard of it before. As HypnoBirthing® childbirth educators, we are also happy to have doulas, midwives, and obstetricians join our classes so that they can learn about the method. After witnessing HypnoBirths®, many care providers actually become advocates for the method!

How will HypnoBirthing® affect my baby?

Much of the second class in the course is actually dedicated to this topic! Thanks to the field of foetology studies, we now know how much the environment and mother’s state of mind impacts her baby’s development. When a mother is in a calm, relaxed state during her pregnancy, her baby receives endorphins and oxygen and their brain is able to develop optimally. Through HypnoBirthing® childbirth education, parents are taught how the environment impacts their baby and they learn a variety of techniques to bond with their baby and gently welcome them into the “outside world”.

When a mother is labouring in a calm state, her baby receives more oxygen and endorphins and is less likely to go into distress, thus we generally see more alert babies with good APGAR scores – and they do not cry as much. I have even received videos from clients a few days after birth, showing how their crying babies instantly calm down when they hear the familiar relaxation track playing; they associate the track with the relaxation they felt in their mother’s womb! We also cover the fourth trimester in the course.

How will HypnoBirthing® affect my recovery?

Thanks to a more gentle birth, we tend to see a reduction in pelvic floor damage. Additionally, because of the educational aspect of the course, mothers are better equipped to select care providers who support their birth wishes, which in turn leads to a greater satisfaction with their birthing experience.

We subsequently find lower rates of postpartum depression and increased self-confidence. Lastly, as a result of how involved the birthing partner is in the course, we also find that familial bonding is increased and the birthing parent experiences better support from their partner during the recovery period.

You can find out more about the HypnoBirthing® course HERE.

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Oral Health During Pregnancy: Essential Tips for Moms-to-Be
Health & WellnessExpertsPregnancyYour Health

Expert Teeth and Gums During Pregnancy: What You Need to Know

by Sarie Liebenberg, dental hygienist & lecturer
written by Sarie Liebenberg, dental hygienist & lecturer

Hormones do more than cause morning sickness and mood swings - they can impact your dental health too. That’s why it’s so important to know everything you need to know about your teeth and gums during pregnancy. From bleeding gums to increased sensitivity, pregnancy can bring surprising changes to your mouth. But the good news? With a few smart habits, you can keep your teeth and gums healthy through every stage. Here’s what every mom-to-be should know about caring for that smile during pregnancy.

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Periodontal disease (gum disease) of a pregnant mother is one of the risk factors for preterm delivery and/or low birth weight of a newborn baby. For this reason it’s important for every expecting mother to take care of her oral health during pregnancy. Some of the oral conditions that occur during pregnancy can be very uncomfortable, and if not taken care of, can be the beginning of lots of oral health problems in the future.

A woman will ‘lose a tooth’ with each pregnancy

NOT TRUE

Without any additional oral care measures, you should be able to maintain your usual oral health even while pregnant. It only requires your normal routine that everybody should practice daily – brushing twice a day and flossing once a day. In addition to your daily routine, it is recommended to see your dental hygienist every 6 months unless otherwise advised. The only additional care that I recommend while pregnant is to have a professional dental cleaning every 3 months instead of the usual 6 monthly cleaning.

While pregnant, the baby takes the mom’s calcium, weakening her teeth and leading to decay and loose teeth.

NOT TRUE

A women often battles with decay after pregnancy because of diet and behavioral changes while pregnant. Pregnant women typically consume more sugar/carbohydrates and eat more frequently due to cravings, or to combat nausea. Decay is 100% preventable – even while pregnant! Once minerals such as calcium are deposited into the tooth structure, it is no longer available for extraction by the unborn baby.

ALSO READ: How to make brushing your toddler’s teeth easier

Pregnant women are at a higher risk for gingivitis (inflammation of the gums).

TRUE

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause an increased inflammatory response to bacterial plaque, causing the gums to bleed. During pregnancy, women are prone to “pregnancy gingivitis”, which, if left untreated, could develop into periodontitis (irreversible gum disease, including bone loss around the teeth). This is more likely to happen when you already have gingivitis when falling pregnant.

For this reason it is important to practice good oral hygiene before falling pregnant and to maintain good oral health during pregnancy. If the teeth and gums are healthy before falling pregnant, the effect of the hormonal changes will be mild.

Oral health during pregnancy : frequently asked questions

Can I have dental cleanings while pregnant?

You can have a professional dental cleaning at any time – even in the 1st trimester. In fact, it is advisable to make sure you have optimum oral health before hormonal changes are taking place.

How can I prevent decay/tooth loss during pregnancy?

Brush twice a day. Floss once a day. Have a professional cleaning every 3 months. Limit the intake of sugar and carbohydrates.

Should I tell the dentist/hygienist that I am pregnant?

Yes, Large doses of radiation between weeks 2 and 18 might cause birth defects. A lead apron will be used when x-rays need to be taken, giving you protection from almost ALL scattered radiation exposure. A lead apron attenuates the scattered radiation between 95-98%. This means that at most, only 2-5% of radiation might get through the lead apron. If digital x-rays are used instead of traditional x-rays on film, there is even less exposure to radiation.

To put it in perspective: an average 7-hour flight by plane will expose a passenger to 0.02 mSv (millisieverts). This is equivalent to 16 intra-oral dental x-rays. During a year, exposure to ceramic tiles, granite kitchen counters and other indoor building materials in our homes easily amount to 0.1 mSv. This is the equivalent of 80 dental x-rays.

ALSO READ: 11 surprising reasons you’re not losing belly fat

Can I have fillings/root canal treatment or an extraction during my pregnancy?

If possible, have dental work performed between 14-20 weeks of your pregnancy. All invasive dental treatment that require local anesthesia and/or drilling that can wait, should rather be done after your pregnancy. This will prevent unnecessary stress on you and therefore on the baby. But if you have pain or infection, it should get seen to immediately.

Oral health during pregnancy : frequently asked questions

Changes to your mouth and teeth during pregnancy

  1. Dysguesia: change in taste sensation
    Hormones cause a change in your sense of taste during pregnancy. This often causes a metallic taste – without you even eating anything. It is typically more common in the 1st trimester. There is not a lot that you can do to change it but here are a few pointers that might help:
    – Eat what you can and avoid what you don’t like
    – Banish the metallic taste with acids such as citrus juices or foods marinated in vinegar
    – Brush your tongue
    – Rinse with mild salt water
    – Change prenatal vitamins
  2. Pregnancy gingivitis
    Most commonly the gums will become swollen, red, sensitive and bleed easily. It is important to understand that the hormonal changes will have less of an effect on the gums if they are healthy. But the hormonal changes make pregnant women more susceptible to gingivitis and it’s more common in the 2nd trimester. If not treated, the supporting structure of the teeth (bone and ligaments) can be affected and it can be the start of periodontal disease (irreversible gum disease) with tooth loss as the end result.

    3. Pregnancy epulis
    Also called a pyogenic granuloma. This is a pregnancy tumor (non-cancerous inflammatory growth). It is an aggressive red, round gum swelling that may occur as a severe response to debris left on the teeth. They are more common in the 2nd and 3rd trimester. It may subside spontaneously following the birth of the baby.

However, if not, it may require removal by a dental surgeon. This is typically done after the birth of the baby, as it is prone to re-occurrence during pregnancy. It may bleed and crust over, making eating and speaking difficult.

ALSO TRY: Can you guess the ONE questions a sex coach gets asked more than anything else? The answer might surprise you…

  1. Enamel erosion
    Pregnancy hormones soften the ring of muscle that keeps food inside the stomach. Gastric reflux and/or vomiting associated with morning sickness can cover your teeth with strong stomach acids. Repeated reflux and vomiting can damage the enamel and increase the risk of decay.Avoid brushing your teeth for at least an hour after vomiting. You want to avoid brushing all that acid into the tooth enamel. Rather rinse your mouth thoroughly with plain tap water, following with a fluoride containing mouthwash. You can also use your tongue to spread a little fluoride toothpaste over your teeth. The fluoride will help to re-mineralise the enamel.
  1. Gagging while brushing
    This is a common problem with pregnant women, especially when brushing the tongue or back teeth. Try using a toothbrush with a small head – a toddler’s brush works well. It might help to close your eyes and concentrate on your breathing or use a distraction like listening to music. Take your time and don’t rush. If the toothpaste is contributing to the gagging, try another brand or brush without any toothpaste.To try and combat decay, the use of fluoride is important. If you can’t brush with fluoride toothpaste, use a rinse that contains fluoride. Rinsing can be done during the day – it doesn’t have to be done all at once with brushing and flossing. The added benefit of rinsing during the day is that you might alleviate the altered taste sensation in your mouth.
  1. Food cravings while pregnant
    Only a pregnant woman can understand this!!! But of course, if the cravings are for sugary snacks, it may increase your risk of tooth decay. If nothing healthy will do, rinse or brush after a sugar indulgence or try to dilute the sugar. Chewing sugar-free gum after sugary eats will also help to restore the mouth’s pH a lot quicker. In doing so, the risk for decay will diminish.Regarding risk of decay, it is better to keep snacking to a minimum. Frequent snacking will cause the ph of the mouth to drop lower with each mini meal and stay low. A low pH increase the risk of tooth decay.
  1. Increase calcium intake and Vitamin D
    It is not possible to extract a mineral such as calcium from the erupted tooth enamel and dentin. The calcium can also not be removed from the tooth via the pulp (nerve of the tooth) to be absorbed by the unborn baby. The only way that minerals can be removed from the tooth is by acid forming bacteria. But, minerals like calcium contained within the alveolar bone (bone structure around the tooth) and other bones of the body, are available to be extracted by the unborn baby.When the mother’s diet does not contain sufficient calcium and phosphorus, the unborn baby utilises the reserves from her bones. Vitamin D helps the body to absorb calcium. Good sources of calcium include: milk, cheese, plain yoghurt and almonds. You can get Vitamin D through small amounts of sun exposure, fatty fish, eggs, margarine, bread and cereal. Alternatively, supplements can be taken to achieve the desired result.

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ALSO CHECK OUT: Chinese Gender Chart

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Body Positivity This is what postpartum bodies REALLY look like
Health & Wellness

Body Positivity: This is what postpartum bodies REALLY look like

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum
Yes, the postpartum period is a magical time, but that doesn’t mean it isn’t hard, too. There are maternity pads, leaky boobs, saggy skin and stretchmarks… need we say more? So why do we so rarely see that real, raw side of motherhood? Scroll through social media and it’s all ‘snap back’ pics and smiling mamas with perfect babies so we LOVE that these moms aren’t afraid to show the rest of us what it’s really like.

When 5 weeks feels like a lifetime ago

Yes, it is normal to still look pregnant after giving birth

This is what a real postpartum body looks like – thank you for sharing mama!

She said it, and we couldn’t agree more!

This realness here is everything

Who remembers this moment?

Honestly, who hasn’t done this at some point?

Why be ashamed? Celebrate what your body is capable of

The marks of motherhood

A mom’s gotta do what a mom’s gotta do

Show off your scars with pride

Who can relate?

This is what ‘snapping back’ really looks like

Remember when you thought the actual birth was the hard part?

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Pregnancy

Weird animal pregnancy & birth facts you NEED to know about

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum
If you’ve ever had a baby, you’ll know that the 280 days humans are pregnant for can feel like a lifetime. African Elephants, in comparison, really are pregnant for a lifetime: a whopping 645 days. On the other end of the spectrum is the Virginian Opossum, which has the shortest gestation period of all animals at just 14 days. Want more weird and wonderful animal pregnancy and birth facts? Keep reading…

The hands-on dad

Male seahorses are very hands-on dads. Females put their unfertilised eggs into a pouch on the male’s stomach and that’s her parenting responsibilities over. From there, the male is solely responsible for incubating and giving birth to the babies – we like the sound of that! Check out the short clip below to see how effortless they make the whole birthing process look…

Lucky girl

Opossums – marsupials found in North America – are pregnant for just 14 days. When their babies are born (they have up to 20 in a litter) they’re each about the size of a jelly bean. Immediately after birth, they climb into their mother’s pouch, where they’ll stay and continue to develop for the next 100 days. opposum on a fence YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE: Fertility myths and truths – test your knowledge with our quiz

Welcome to the world

Baby giraffes have a pretty rough start to life: mothers give birth while standing up so their babies are welcomed to the world with a fall of between 1.5 and 2 metres – yikes! Turns out the fall is good for the baby though, because that’s what snaps the umbilical cord and encourages the baby to take its first breath.

A pregnant pause

Imagine being able to hit ‘pause’ on your pregnancy. Well, armadillos can do exactly that! If conception happens at a time that isn’t considered ideal, they’ll ‘pause’ their pregnancy in the early stages (the technical term for this is embryonic diapause – you can read more about this here) and the embryo will continue to develop when it’s safe to do so, meaning their offspring are always born at the ideal time. This is behaviour that has also been seen in some bears, kangaroos, badgers and rodents. Now that’s smart! armadillo

They’re coming out where?!?

Warning: if you’re a bit squeamish, you may want to skip ahead to the next weird animal pregnancy or birth fact. The Surinam Toad mates in water and, as each egg is released by the female, the male fertilises it and presses it into one of the many holes in the female’s back. A layer of skin then grows over the eggs and when the frogs are mature (yes, they’re born as frogs NOT tadpoles) they are birthed out of her back. If that description didn’t give you enough of a visual, you might enjoy this video…

But how? 

The platypus is one of only a handful of mammals that lay eggs and their offspring are ‘born’ with an ‘egg tooth’, a hard tooth-like structure on their snouts which they use to break out of their shells. Another crazy birthing fact about platypus? Although they produce milk, platypus don’t have nipples – the milk is excreted by mammary gland ducts and their offspring lap it up off their mother’s skin or fur. P.S We think you should know that the collective noun for a group of platypus is a paddle!

Wow… just, wow

Guinea pigs are prolific breeders. They can give birth to up to 5 litters a year – with between 1 and 8 babies per litter – as their pregnancies last an average of only 63 days. But here’s the really shocking bit: the females are fertile again somewhere between 2 and 15 hours after giving birth! ALSO READ: Your most embarrassing birth questions answered by an expert

Yikes!

So, this isn’t a weird fact but still something we think deserves a mention. If you’ve ever gone through childbirth you may be able to sympathise with mommy elephants everywhere: their babies are born weighing around 100kg. And remember that there are no epidurals in the wild. Ouch! giphy - BabyYumYum And – before you go – here’s another bit of trivia you can casually throw into conversation with friends: baby elephants suck their trunks in the same way human babies suck their thumbs.
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Baby Yum Yum - Maternity photo shoot ideas inspired by celebrities
Beauty & StylePregnancy

Maternity photo shoot ideas inspired by celebrities

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum
If you’re looking for inspiration for your own maternity photoshoot or pregnancy announcement, look no further. We’ve found some of the very best South African celebrity maternity shoots that you absolutely have to see.

TV and radio personality Pearl Modiadie

Pearl said that she felt vulnerable (but powerful!) when taking this photo. Thanks for sharing, Pearl – we think you look incredible.

Model & actress Zenande Mfenyana

How does she look this good under water? We need answers!

Choreographer and influencer Nkateko ‘Takkies’ Dinwiddy 

Nkateko gets 10 out of 10 for pulling off this whimsical, rainbow-coloured maternity shoot!

Businesswoman and TV personality Jo-Ann Strauss

Is it a maternity shoot or is it a fantastic way to celebrate your background on Heritage Day? Who cares? It’s amazing!

Model and entrepreneur Tracy McGregor

Okay, so this isn’t really a maternity shoot, it’s more of a pregnancy reveal – but we absolutely love it nonetheless.

Businesswoman and influencer Vourné  Kgosinkwe

Elegance. Simplicity. Perfection. How did she manage to make a plain white sheet look so glamorous?

Actress Minnie Dlamini Jones

Well done to Minnie for giving her cultural heritage a big nod in her pregnancy reveal – and she shot it in her backyard where she says her child will be raised. This maternity shoot gets the BabyYumYum stamp of approval.

Entrepreneur Yolanda Vilikazi

Is there such a thing as too much pink? We think not! Yolanda wore the chiffon and ruffles beautifully when she posed for a maternity shoot ahead of the birth of her daughter. She gets extra style points for the flower crown.

Blogger and TV personality Roxy Burger

Roxy kept her maternity shoot simple but she managed to pull it off while working remotely – during lockdown – with a photographer. We’re officially impressed.

Influencer Thobeka Majozi

Thobeka chose this fierce family photo to announce the birth of her son with rapper Cassper Nyovest.

Medical doctor and former Miss World Rolene Strauss

How fabulous that Rolene chose to make her maternity shoot a family affair by including her son in this photo, which was shot when she was 38 weeks pregnant?
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Baby Yum Yum - Everything you need to know about masturbation during pregnancy
Health & WellnessExperts

Expert Everything you need to know about masturbation during pregnancy

by Catriona Boffard, clinical sexologist
written by Catriona Boffard, clinical sexologist

When women think of pregnancy, the words “sexual pleasure” and “masturbation” are unlikely to come to mind. I often get questions like, “Is it OK to masturbate during pregnancy?”, and “Can you use sex toys when pregnant?” The answer is ‘yes!’.

Masturbation during pregnancy

This often-forgotten area of a woman’s life shouldn’t take a back seat just because she’s pregnant. If anything, maintaining a healthy and active solo sex life is important for both your physical and mental wellbeing (of course, that’s only if your doc has given you the all clear for sex – make sure you ask at your first appointment).

In the first trimester many women struggle with nausea and feeling particularly unsexy. This is completely normal and generally passes as you move into the second trimester.

If this passes, you might feel ready for you and your partner to reconnect sexually, but no matter where you are in your pregnancy, there are certain things that are really helpful to know when it comes to self-pleasure.

Stick to your usual masturbation routine

Being pregnant doesn’t mean your usual routines should stop, and this includes masturbation. If you’ve always been a woman who’s keen to explore her body and bring herself pleasure, pregnancy doesn’t mean you have to slow down.

You should listen to your desires and meet them in whatever way works for you. If you’ve always enjoyed using your hands to masturbate, there’s no need to stop (until you can’t reach your vulva anymore!).

Most sex toys are safe during pregnancy

If you’ve been using toys pre-pregnancy, you don’t have to stop using them – most are totally safe, just check the label and listen to your body!

If your doctor has said sex is fine, then most sex toys will be safe for you to use as well.

With any sex toy use (pregnant or not) you should follow usual routines such as cleaning them properly with a suitable toy cleaner or warm soapy water, and store them in a clean place.

Never use a toy anally and then vaginally without cleaning in between! Sex toys are also usually harder and more solid than an actual penis, so it’s important to be aware of being too rough.

Again, listen to your body! If you’re keen to buy a new toy when you’re pregnant, make sure it is “phthalate free” as this type of plastic can be harmful to pregnant women. If in doubt, rather don’t use your old toy internally.

Check the labels of your lubes and tubes

Lubes and tubes of things need a little extra care and caution. Make sure you read the labels of any new product you’re using to pleasure yourself.

Some products are heavily scented or contain ingredients that aren’t suitable for pregnant women. If you’re unsure, don’t use it. Stick to more natural lubricants, such as Pjur silicone lubricant or an organic range like Yes!

Take advantage of the extra pregnancy hormones

Things will feel even better than usual. Due to the increase in hormones in your body during pregnancy, you’re likely going to experience more arousal and sensation.

You might find that the sensations from your rabbit vibe are even more exciting and pleasurable. Learn to go with what feels good for you and explore your body while it’s in this heightened state.

Erogenous zones are as important as clitoral stimulation – don’t just focus on your breasts, nipples and vulva when you masturbate. Include your neck, lips, ears, lower stomach etc. These areas are heightened to sexual pleasure and will lead to a more satisfying sexual experience overall.

best pregnancy resources

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Baby Yum Yum - Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) Everything you need to know
PregnancySpecial Needs Advice

Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT): Everything you need to know

by Lisa Witepski, Writer: food, business, lifestyle, arts, parenting
written by Lisa Witepski, Writer: food, business, lifestyle, arts, parenting

Every parent-to-be experiences anxiety during pregnancy – after all, we all want our children to be as healthy and happy as possible. Although there are a number of tests available informing you of whether you should be concerned about genetic abnormalities before your baby’s birth, Non-invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) has emerged as a popular, and highly-accurate, option.

If you’ve been pregnant before, you’ll probably have had the usual blood test and ultrasound exam that are used to calculate your baby’s risk of conditions such as Down’s Syndrome. You may even have been advised to have an amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS).

There’s a place for each of these screens, but there’s also a reason why awareness of NIPT is on the up: it carries less risk than invasive procedures, and is more accurate than screens based on scoring systems, but the NIPT is entirely elective.

How does the Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing work?

The test itself is simple: blood is drawn at around the tenth week of pregnancy, and the results are available seven to 10 days later.

By detecting the placental NA that circulates within your blood, or cell-free DNA, the test is able to find out if there are common chromosomal abnormalities such as Down’s Syndrome in the foetus, explains Professor Ermos Nicolaou, Academic Head of the Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine at Wits.

Professor Nicolaou notes that testing is elective. However, in some cases, it would be highly advised. According to Kelly Loggenberg, Genetic Counsellor at Next Biosciences, NIPT testing is usually recommended for older moms, or in cases where an intermediate or high risk has been detected on first or second trimester screenings.

Your doctor may also suggest a test if there have been chromosomal abnormalities in previous pregnancies – or if you would simply like more information about your pregnancy.

You could, of course, rely on a normal ultrasound for such information – but NIPT provides additional peace of mind, because an ultrasound cannot rule out the possibility of a chromosomal abnormality.

“Ultrasounds focus on structural abnormalities, while NIPT concentrates on chromosomal abnormalities,” Kelly observes. “Both tests are complementary, and both are important as part of routine pregnancy management.”

prenatal testing

Why this test rather than others? Because, says Kelly, “the guidelines provided by the South African Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists are that if money wasn’t an issue and there were more than enough experts in the country, the very best screening would be a combination of NIPT with an expert NT scan, an expert fetal anatomy scan and a repeat expert scan in the last trimester.

This combination could, theoretically, detect 99% of all Down’s Syndrome cases, a list of other genetic conditions and the majority of physical fetal abnormalities.” However, medical aid schemes will only cover the cost (or part thereof) of the test if certain criteria is met to deem the test medically necessary.

You might also like: How DNA testing can address the root cause of infertility

How much does the NIPT cost?

Professor Nicolaou notes that there are different kinds of NIPT tests: some are geared to detecting Down’s Syndrome only; others test for other chromosomal abnormalities such as Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13, sex chromosomal abnormalities, or even smaller genetic defects.

Costs for these tests range from R4 000 to around R12 500, although this may be covered by your medical aid if the screening for Down’s Syndrome has shown a high risk. If this is not the case, and you’ve chosen to have the test to assuage your anxieties, your medical aid may choose not to provide cover.

You might also like: Testing for the cause of recurrent miscarriages

The final analysis

Professor Nicolaou says that although NIPT tests are usually “very accurate”, 100% accuracy is not guaranteed. You may wish to consider an amniocentesis or CVS if you receive a positive test result. Even so, the information provided by the test is highly valuable – as is the peace of mind that may come with the results.

Also read: Understanding Prenatal Depression in Pregnancy and Why It Matters

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