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Pregnancy

Want to know what it feels like to be pregnant and what symptoms to expect at each stage?

Here you can track your pregnancy week by week and receive information on how big your baby is, baby’s estimated weight and length, and the changes your body goes through at each stage of pregnancy.

We also have tips and advice from gynaecologists, doulas, midwives and other experts on pregnancy nutrition, exercise, risks, how to take care of your body and health while pregnant, solutions to common problems like heartburn, where to buy maternity clothing in South Africa and what to pack in your hospital bag.

Gender Predictor: Boy or Girl? Check Your Pregnancy Cravings
Pregnancy

Gender Predictor: Boy or Girl? Check Your Pregnancy Cravings

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum

One of the most exciting parts of pregnancy is guessing whether you’re having a boy or a girl! Many mums-to-be turn to fun traditions like the Gender Predictor: Are You Having a Boy or Girl Based on Your Cravings? to see if their food preferences offer a clue. Some believe that craving sweet treats means you're expecting a girl, while salty or savoury cravings could point to a boy. Of course, there’s no scientific proof behind this old wives’ tale, but it’s a fun way to speculate while waiting for the big reveal.

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From sauerkraut and orange juice to toasted cheese and Coke floats, pregnancy cravings can be weird and unexpected – and often have our partners racing to the garage in the middle of the night to satisfy them.

You may have heard that if you crave sweet things, you’re having a girl, while salty means it’s a boy. While there’s no scientific evidence verifying that your cravings indicate a particular gender, it’s fun to hear about the sudden food urges or combinations that pregnant moms experience.

We turned to social media to explore this myth, and share some of their strange cravings with you.

For Malaika Dogar, the cravings differed for each pregnancy. “With my daughter, I wanted sour and salty food all the time, but with my current pregnancy (gender not yet known) I want beef burgers all the time! Add to this my strange craving for marrow bones and knuckle meat from stews – strange because I never liked meat, especially not red meat.”

Tamryn Sherriffs says: “I knew I was pregnant when I wanted to eat lemons.”

Kerry van Tonder says: “I couldn’t get enough orange juice for the first few weeks of my first pregnancy (with a boy), but this time around (haven’t yet found out gender) I crave sauerkraut and ice water.”

“There were weeks where I’d crave nostalgic food from my childhood such as Coke floats, chicken-mayo sandwiches and liquorice drops”

Elayne Olver’s pregnancies also had a citrus twist. “With my first one I ate seven kilograms of oranges a week, but this time around my cravings change constantly, from melted cheese to a popular sparkling lemon soda.”

Almost 12 weeks along, Hughnique Cawood Eloff says: “I can’t get enough of tomato juice mixed with water and lemon juice as it works wonders for my nausea. I have also lost my usual appetite for meat products.”

Johanlie de Bruin also wanted cheese – every day. “There were also weeks where I’d crave nostalgic food from my childhood such as Coke floats, chicken-mayo sandwiches and liquorice drops.”

“During my first pregnancy I ate plenty of popcorn and grilled cheese sandwiches and with my second, it’s all about naartjies,” says Lana Petersen.

Ayesha Francis Agherdien says: “With my first two pregnancies I didn’t crave anything in particular, but with the following four I suffered from severe morning sickness in my first trimester and craved oranges and grapefruit. I also felt that the sour citrus taste eased my nausea. With this pregnancy (I’m 11 weeks along), I feel nauseous and bloated most of the day and nothing really appeals to me, except for water.”

At eight weeks pregnant with her son, Charlene Roux craved Golden Delicious apples. “At five months it was fish and chips with lots of vinegar; at six months it was mielie pap (which I would never normally eat) and at eight months it was melkkos (a warm milky, buttery comfort food). While my tastes changed, one thing remained constant – my need for cinnamon on or in everything!” 

Jolene Lubbe says, “My craving for chicken started the night before I discovered I was pregnant with my first son. With my daughter, all I wanted was chocolate (not sweets, just chocolate). I am now 35 weeks pregnant with my second son and peaches top my list of cravings.”

Stacey Meyer says, “All I wanted throughout my entire pregnancy was crumbed chicken, Fanta and soft-serve ice cream from Woolies.”

Casey Jones Lesch Bruyns says: “With my second pregnancy (a boy), I craved salted peanuts on vanilla ice cream, with extra salt and then chocolates later on. With my third pregnancy (also a boy, which I miscarried in the second trimester), I couldn’t get enough of olives – salad with salt, vinegar and olives.”

Kirsten Paige Steyn says: “I craved anything dairy – milk, ice cream, milkshake and yoghurt – but I can’t eat it now. My baby boy is exclusively breastfed and gets cramps when I have dairy.”

 “I didn’t have any cravings with my first two pregnancies (both girls),” says Ibtiehaaj Shabodien. “However, I made the most of avo milkshakes during my third one (strangely, my son doesn’t eat avo). With my last pregnancy (also a boy), it was coffee.”

Joelene Nell never had a sweet tooth until her pregnancy. “I then suddenly started craving (and eating) any type of biscuits (especially Eet-Sum-Mors) and chocolate. My baby is now six months old and my taste for sweet things is here to stay.”

Megan Sandler says: “I couldn’t get enough steak during my pregnancies with both my daughters, but I was still advised by my doctor to load up on leafy green vegetables such as broccoli, spinach and kale, which help the body to make more red blood cells, and by the time I gave birth my iron levels were normal.”

ALSO VISIT: Chinese Gender Chart

When is it more than just a craving?

“The only craving I had in common throughout my three pregnancies (all girls) was ice, which I discovered is a sign of an iron deficiency,” says Letitia du Preez.

Kim Johnson-Williams says, “I ate boxes and boxes of chalk with both my son and daughter!”

Doula Estuné Maritz explains that cravings for gravel, wall, rocks, pavement, chalk or baby powder are more common than you might think and are definite signs that you may be low in iron. She advises that you have these levels checked by your doctor, who might recommend supplements.

ALSO CHECK OUT: Legal Considerations When Registering a Baby’s Name in South Africa

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – Gender Predictor: Boy or Girl? Can Pregnancy Cravings Reveal the Answer?

Can pregnancy cravings really predict my baby’s gender?

There is no scientific evidence that cravings can determine gender, but many believe that craving sweet foods (like chocolate and fruit) means you’re having a girl, while salty, savoury, or spicy foods suggest a boy.

Why do pregnancy cravings happen?

Cravings are caused by hormonal changes, increased nutritional needs, and changes in taste and smell during pregnancy. They are unique to each person and may or may not have anything to do with the baby’s gender.

What are the most common cravings linked to having a boy?

Old wives’ tales suggest that if you’re craving salty, spicy, or protein-rich foods like chips, meat, or cheese, you might be carrying a boy.

What cravings are linked to having a girl?

According to myths, craving sweet foods like chocolate, pastries, and fruit means you could be having a girl. Some also say a preference for carbs like bread and pasta is a sign of a girl.

How accurate are gender prediction methods based on cravings?

Gender prediction based on cravings is purely for fun and has no scientific backing. The most accurate ways to determine your baby’s gender are an ultrasound (from 18-20 weeks) or genetic testing.

Can my diet influence my baby’s gender?

There is no scientific proof that diet affects gender, but some theories suggest that a diet high in sodium and potassium favours a boy, while a calcium and magnesium-rich diet favours a girl.

Do all pregnant women experience cravings?

No, some women experience intense cravings, while others don’t crave anything at all. Every pregnancy is different, and a lack of cravings does not indicate anything about the baby’s gender.

Can cravings change throughout pregnancy?

Yes, cravings can change at different stages of pregnancy due to fluctuating hormones. You might crave one type of food in the first trimester and something completely different later on.

What are some other gender prediction myths?

Apart from cravings, people say you might be having a boy if you’re carrying low and a girl if you’re carrying high. Another myth is that clear skin means a boy, while breakouts mean a girl.

What is the best way to find out my baby’s gender?

The most reliable methods for determining gender are:

Disclaimer: This information is for entertainment purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. For an accurate gender determination, consult a healthcare provider.

CHECK OUT: The Best Gender Reveals As Shared by Our BabyYumYummers

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rights of pregnant employees
Pregnancy

Guide to the rights of pregnant employees in South Africa

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum

Are you expecting a little bundle of joy? Did you know that if you’re pregnant in South Africa, you have certain rights in the workplace? We look a little closer at the rights of pregnant employees in South Africa.

While pregnancy can be one of the most thrilling experiences in life, it can also be quite an anxious time. The uncertainty that comes with not knowing enough about your rights in the workplace adds even more pressure.

So, let’s dive into local maternity policies in South Africa.

Read more: 21 early signs of pregnancy.

When to tell employers about pregnancy in South Africa

Regarding South African law – the Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA) – you must inform your employer of your pregnancy status at least one month before you request maternity leave. 

However, you must notify them in writing of the dates you intend to take maternity leave and when you plan to return to work. Most employees usually disclose their pregnancy once they are through the first trimester.

Maternity leave and benefits

If you’re pregnant, you’re entitled to four months of unpaid maternity leave. This can be taken from as early as four weeks before your due date (on a date specified by your health practitioner for your health or that of your baby) and then the balance immediately after the birth. You may not return to work for six weeks after giving birth unless a doctor has cleared you.

Does an employer have to provide paid maternity leave in South Africa?

Props to your employer if they choose to pay your salary or a portion thereof during your maternity leave, but this is at their discretion and is not legislated. If they don’t, it can be a tough financial time, but your monthly contributions to the Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF) will come in handy here. 

You can claim maternity benefits from the fund, and you’ll receive a portion of your salary from them. This can range from 38% to 58% of your salary – with the idea being that the less you earn, the bigger your payout will be.

Paternity leave came into effect in January 2021. It affords working fathers and some other caregivers 10 days’ leave, for which they can claim UIF if necessary and receive up to 66% of their salary, capped at R205 433.30. This leave is intended for fathers or caregivers to help new mothers (or new primary caregivers in the case of same-sex couples).

Keeping you safe at work

There is a Code of Good Practice on the Protection of Employees and after the Birth of a Child. The code gives guidelines for employers and employees about a woman’s health in their work environment during pregnancy, after the birth of a child, and while breastfeeding (some moms might return to work while still breastfeeding).

Protecting your health and safety

Workplaces might be affected differently, depending on the type of business and sector you’re engaged in and the hazards you’re exposed to. The norms in this code are general and don’t apply to all workplaces.

When you notify an employer that you’re pregnant, your situation in the workplace should be evaluated. The evaluation should include:

  • An examination of your physical condition by a qualified medical professional;
  • Your job;
  • Workplace practices and potential workplace exposures that may affect you.

If the evaluation reveals that there is a risk to your or your baby’s health, your employer must:

  • Inform the employee of the risk.
  • Determine what steps should be taken to prevent the risk of exposure, such as adjusting the work conditions.
  • Give the employee appropriate training in the hazards and the preventive measures needed.
  • Consult an occupational health practitioner if there is any uncertainty or concern about whether your working conditions should be adjusted.

If appropriate adjustments cannot be made, you should be transferred to another position.

Arrangements should be made for pregnant and breastfeeding employees to attend antenatal and postnatal appointments during pregnancy and after birth.

“The code gives guidelines for employers and employees about a woman’s health in their work environment during pregnancy, after the birth of a child, and while breastfeeding”.

What aspects of pregnancy may affect your ability to work?

Both you and your employer should be aware of the following common aspects of pregnancy that may affect your work performance:

  1. Morning sickness: This is particularly relevant if you’re a shift worker and catch the early shift. Exposure to certain smells could aggravate morning sickness.
  2. Backache and varicose veins may result from work that involves prolonged standing or sitting or from work that involves manual handling.
  3. Do you have easy access to the bathroom and toilet facilities, and does your employer take this into consideration?
  4. If you wear a uniform, this might need to change as your belly grows.
  5. How is your size affecting specific skills such as dexterity, agility, coordination, movement speed, and reach?
  6. Are there any slippery or wet surfaces you need to be particularly aware of as your centre of gravity shifts during pregnancy?
  7. Fatigue may also affect your ability to perform optimally and even work overtime.

Some of the more hazardous risks you might face in the workplace and how to prevent them:

  • Cytomegalovirus: To minimise the risk of infection, maintain high standards of personal hygiene, wash your hands after contact, and wear gloves when handling potentially contaminated wastes.
  • Hepatitis: General precautions must be taken for all forms of hepatitis. Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing hepatitis B.
  • HIV: Avoid mucous membranes and skin coming into contact with potentially contaminated blood or other secretions. HIV Universal precautions are important for workers potentially exposed to HIV. Healthcare workers should take precautions to prevent needless stick injuries and be careful when handling the blood, tissues, or mucosal areas of all patients.
  • Rubella (German measles): The rubella vaccine is the most effective means of preventing the disease, and susceptible employees should be immunised. Three months after vaccination, pregnancy should be avoided.
  • Varicella (chickenpox): If you’ve been exposed to chickenpox while pregnant and haven’t been vaccinated, it is advisable to consult a doctor.
  • Toxoplasmosis gondii: Maintain high personal and environmental hygiene standards and avoid cat litter and faeces.

How does the Code of Good Practice help you after you have had your baby?

Having learned what you should expect during pregnancy, let’s look at what comes after.

How many breaks are you allowed while breastfeeding at work?

If you’re breastfeeding or expressing milk, you’re entitled to two breaks of 30 minutes each in your workday for the first six months of your child’s life.

If a workplace has an occupational health service, appropriate records should be kept of pregnancies and their outcomes, including any complications in the condition of the employee or child.

What to do if your rights aren’t being met?

Speak to your HR department, and if your company doesn’t have one, contact the Department of Labour.

Frequently asked questions about the rights of pregnant employees in South Africa

It’s time to look at some popular questions about pregnancy rights in South Africa.

Can I get a job while pregnant in South Africa?

Of course! Paragraph 4.2 of the Code of Good Practice on the Protection of Employees during Pregnancy and after the Birth of Her Child states that no one may be discriminated against based on pregnancy status, including being denied employment.

Do you have to disclose pregnancy at a job interview in South Africa?

There is no obligation, ethically or legally, on you to disclose your pregnancy status during a job interview, and you’re free to share information as you choose.

Is a pregnant woman allowed to work the night shift in South Africa?

So, what exactly does the law on working nights when pregnant mean for South African women? Section 26(2) of the BCEA states that you can approach your employer to find alternative work opportunities when working night shifts poses direct health concerns for you and your baby.

Read next: Claiming UIF maternity benefits

 

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Baby Yum Yum - What no one told me when I was pregnant
Pregnancy

“What no one told me when I was pregnant”

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum

Most people will tell you only about the physical changes you’re about to undergo when you’re newly pregnant, but they’re not too forthcoming about the psychological changes you will go through as well. I for one believed that pregnancy would be a breeze, that I’d have this cute baby bump, buy cute clothes and have weird cravings – and that’s it! Boy did I receive a rude awakening!

Shopping around for baby clothes is fun but I can’t say the same for walking around the mall, or anywhere really, with a huge bump that draws the attention of almost everyone around you, along with a painful lower back and nausea triggered by everyday smells.

I had morning sickness for an entire six months and ate my weight in avocado and tomato sandwiches while having a banana and peanut butter obsession – this was weird because I usually hate bananas! And to top that all off, my baby was already 2.9 kilograms at 35 weeks and constantly pressing down on my bladder.

ALSO READ: Chinese Gender Chart

“The result of those 40 long weeks was undeniably worth it when we were able to hold the tiny new human being that we’d bonded within the womb.”

I was completely miserable! I cried over the tiniest things such as when my size 32 high-waisted denim shorts didn’t fit me when I was 38 weeks’ pregnant and I’d gained 10 kilograms (of course I was being completely unreasonable here). But pregnancy is a great excuse for wacky behaviour.

I hated my partner towards the end of my pregnancy and blamed him for everything, including my very smelly gas. I twice made him wake up at 4am to get me chicken wings, and I didn’t end up eating them because he always took too long! However, the worst experience by far was waking up three to four times a night to go pee and I’m pretty sure I fell asleep on the toilet at some point.

The result of those 40 long weeks was undeniably worth it when we were able to hold the tiny new human being that we’d bonded within the womb.

You might have thought you were completely in love with your partner before you fell pregnant, but you only really understand unconditional love for a person when you’ve had your baby. I always tell my friends that the moment you become a parent is the moment you realise how far you’re willing to go to protect the true love of your life, which goes for moms and dads.

Written by Katlego Mphatseng

YOU MUST CHECK OUT: Due date calculator

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"I Gave Birth at 38" – A Late Motherhood Journey
Parenting

“I Gave Birth at 38” – A Late Motherhood Journey

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum

Becoming a mother at 38 was not how she had originally planned her journey to parenthood. With society often highlighting the benefits of having children at a younger age, she found herself navigating late motherhood with a mix of excitement, uncertainty, and resilience. After years of prioritising her career, personal growth, and waiting for the right moment, she finally experienced the life-changing moment of holding her newborn for the first time. Pregnancy at 38 presented unique challenges, from medical considerations to societal expectations, but it also came with wisdom, confidence, and a deeper appreciation for the journey.

At 38, most women have had their children and are doing school runs. But I’m not most women, and I gave birth to my first child in 2019.

In August 2017, I suffered a miscarriage and the excitement of hearing the baby’s heartbeat at the first scan was short-lived when the gynae delivered the devastating news. My husband and I had dealt with loss before as a couple, but this was foreign to us and we struggled to cope with it at first. What’s worse, we were still trying to digest the news and deal with our emotions when the doctor advised that she needed to book me in for a dilation and curettage (D&C) the following morning.

The timing couldn’t have been worse as I just started my new job the previous month and had to tell my manager that I would be off for four days. But God truly placed the most compassionate human being in my life and she calmly told me not to worry about anything, to look after myself and to take all the time I need.

I have an older mom who, despite experiencing a miscarriage as well as the loss of a one-month-old baby, did not want to talk about her experiences or how she had felt at that time. She tried her best to encourage me, but the younger generation of women find it therapeutic to talk things through and ask questions.

Did you do something wrong to harm the foetus? Did you eat or drink something you shouldn’t have? Did you lift up any heavy objects? Are you such a horrible person that you don’t deserve to be a mother? As crazy and absurd as these questions might be, I realised that many women feel the same way but are not talking about it. Instead, they bottle their emotions inside which is not beneficial to their health and their relationships with their partners, family and friends.

Chatting to my cousin and friend helped me immensely. Though their experiences were different, the heartache remained the same and I finally realised I was not alone and could stop beating myself up for feeling this way or having such negative thoughts. I was human after all and, in turn, I could encourage and support two friends who went through it later.

With our second pregnancy, we decided to do things differently. Instead of waiting for the “safe zone” of 12 weeks, we broke the news to our parents, siblings and nephew at six weeks (on 13 May 2018, which was my birthday and also Mother’s Day). We revealed to everyone else at the end of the first trimester.

“My husband and I had dealt with loss before as a couple, but this was foreign to us and we struggled to cope with it at first.”

I must admit, a part of me was nervous ahead of every appointment but, as my husband told me, we can’t fear what we do not know. So, we embraced the journey and I had an easy pregnancy with no weight gain, no morning sickness or stretch marks. We even asked our gynae not to reveal the gender, which proved a challenge to my baby shower committee.

Conor Jarrett Johannisen made his arrival on the 3 January 2019 at 9.45am and was immediately loved by all. He had a tough start to his life, spending six days in hospital to maintain his sugar levels and undergo phototherapy to eradicate yellow jaundice. But our little fighter bravely endured the numerous pricks to his tiny feet, the painful needle in his right hand for the drip and to draw blood, which left his battle scar, and having to lie naked with an eye visor in the incubator. When he was discharged, our paediatrician said we could finally enjoy him, which we intend to do for the rest of our lives.

Written by Alison Johannisen. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – Late Motherhood

What is considered ‘late motherhood’?

Late motherhood generally refers to having a baby at 35 or older. Many women today are choosing to start families later due to career, financial stability, or personal circumstances.

Is it harder to get pregnant after 35?

Yes, fertility naturally declines with age. Women are born with a finite number of eggs, and by their late 30s, both egg quality and quantity decrease, making conception more challenging. However, many women still conceive naturally.

What are the risks of pregnancy at an older age?

While many women have healthy pregnancies after 35, there are higher risks of:

  • Gestational diabetes
  • High blood pressure (pre-eclampsia)
  • Miscarriage or chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome)
  • Preterm birth or low birth weight
  • Caesarean section (C-section) due to complications

Can I still have a natural birth if I conceive later?

Yes, many women over 35 have successful natural births. However, there is a slightly higher chance of needing medical intervention such as induction or C-section.

What tests should I consider for a pregnancy later in life?

Doctors often recommend additional screenings such as:

  • Genetic testing (to assess chromosomal risks)
  • Nuchal translucency scan (an early ultrasound for abnormalities)
  • Gestational diabetes screening
  • Close monitoring of blood pressure

Is pregnancy over 40 possible?

Yes, but natural conception rates drop significantly. Some women may need fertility treatments like IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation) to conceive. Success rates vary and depend on overall health and egg quality.

Are there benefits to having a baby later in life?

Absolutely! Some benefits include:

  • More financial stability
  • Greater emotional maturity
  • A well-established career or life experience
  • Better preparedness for parenthood

How can I improve my chances of a healthy pregnancy later in life?

  • Maintain a healthy lifestyle (balanced diet, regular exercise)
  • Take prenatal vitamins with folic acid
  • Manage stress and get enough rest
  • Avoid smoking, alcohol, and excessive caffeine
  • Consult a doctor early if trying to conceive

Will menopause affect my ability to get pregnant?

Perimenopause (the years leading up to menopause) can affect ovulation, making conception harder. However, some women can still conceive naturally before reaching full menopause.

What are the emotional challenges of late motherhood?

Some women may worry about:

  • Keeping up with younger children’s energy levels
  • Potential health concerns as they age
  • Balancing work, parenting, and personal time
  • Feeling out of sync with younger parents

However, many late mothers find they have more patience, wisdom, and confidence in their parenting journey.

Can I freeze my eggs if I want to delay motherhood?

Yes, egg freezing (oocyte cryopreservation) is an option for women who want to preserve their fertility. The earlier eggs are frozen (preferably before 35), the better the success rate when trying to conceive later.

Where can I seek support for late motherhood?

  • Fertility specialists and gynaecologists for pregnancy planning
  • Support groups and parenting forums for older mothers
  • Counselling services for emotional and mental well-being

 

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. If you are considering pregnancy later in life, please consult a healthcare professional for personalised guidance.

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Chickenpox Vaccine: Why It Matters for You & Your Child
Experts

Expert Chickenpox Vaccine: Why It Matters for You & Your Child

by Dr Maraschin, expert paediatrician
written by Dr Maraschin, expert paediatrician

Chickenpox might seem like a harmless childhood illness, but it can lead to serious complications—especially in babies, teens, adults, and those with weak immune systems. That’s why you & your child should be vaccinated against chickenpox, even if you think the risk is low. Vaccination is a safe and effective way to prevent painful symptoms, reduce the risk of scarring or infections, and protect those around you. Understanding why you & your child should be vaccinated against chickenpox is about more than just peace of mind—it’s about long-term protection for your family and your community. Written by Dr Maraschin, expert paediatrician.

My wife has an older sister and, as luck would have it, she got the worst of the childhood illnesses, while my wife sailed through these events. Chickenpox was just such an event. My wife had a slight fever and two or three spots on her back while her sister suffered terribly.

The lesions were horrific, forming blisters in her eyes and down her throat, and causing her fingernails to fall off. She also developed a secondary bacterial infection that progressed into pneumonia. It sounds like something out of a horror story, yet this was a reality for many children prior to the varicella vaccine.

I have heard many grandparents in my practice tell me about the chickenpox parties or getting sick children to bath with their siblings so that the kids could get chickenpox over and done with. I get it! December holidays with the whole family confined for weeks at a time was not much fun back in the day.

Today, however, we do have alternatives and you need to be informed about what this illness is and what the consequences are so that you can protect your baby.

What is chickenpox?

Let’s start with a definition. Chickenpox is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is characterised by fever and blisters all over the body, and is highly contagious to those who have not had the illness nor have not been vaccinated against it.

The disease is generally mild in healthy children. In severe cases, the rash can cover the entire body, and lesions may form in the throat, eyes, mucous membranes of the urethra, anus and vagina.

Once the child has recovered from chickenpox, the virus may remain in the body (inactive or latent), usually in the nervous system. Later in life, the virus can be reactivated and the person will suffer a very painful illness known as shingles.

What are the symptoms of chickenpox?

The difficult thing about chickenpox is that an individual is contagious to others two to three days before the rash appears. If your child has been exposed to chickenpox, then it can take between 10 and 21 days before the rash appears. Once the rash appears it can last anything between five to 10 days for the illness to pass. Now you can understand why granny was keen to get the process over and done with!

The other signs and symptoms are:

  • Fever
  • Severe itching
  • Loss of appetite
  • Headache
  • Tiredness and a general feeling of being unwell (malaise)

Once the chickenpox rash appears, it goes through three phases:

  • Raised pink or red bumps (papules), which break out over several days;
  • Small fluid-filled blisters (vesicles), which form in about one day and then break and leak;
  • Crusts and scabs, which cover the broken blisters and take several more days to heal.

What are the symptoms of chickenpoxThe blisters usually appear on the head or chest first and then spread to the rest of the body. New bumps usually continue to appear for a number of days, so you may have all three stages of the rash — bumps, blisters and scabbed lesions — at the same time. Chickenpox is contagious until all broken blisters have crusted over.

The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that the vaccine protects 98% of children who get the correct dose. If they do get the illness, then the severity of the disease is lessened.

What are some complications associated with the chickenpox virus?

For most children, chickenpox is a mild illness. They will feel very miserable as a result of the itchy, painful blisters and fevers, but this will all be over in five to 10 days. However, there can be other complications as a result of this illness and this is why parents need to be informed.

These complications include:

  • Bacterial infections of the skin, soft tissues, bones, joints or bloodstream (sepsis)
  • Dehydration
  • Pneumonia
  • Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis)
  • Toxic shock syndrome
  • Reye’s syndrome in children and teenagers who take aspirin during chickenpox
  • Death

Who is at risk for such complications?

In children these would include:

  • Newborns and infants whose mothers never had chickenpox or the vaccine;
  • Children with asthma or those with a lowered immune system.

Teenagers and adults are far more likely to suffer severe consequences from chickenpox especially:

  • Pregnant women who haven’t had chickenpox.
  • People who smoke.
  • People whose immune systems are weakened by medication, such as chemotherapy, or by a disease, such as cancer or HIV.
  • People who are taking steroid medications for another disease or condition, such as asthma.

CHECK OUT: Printable Baby Illness Logbook for Doctor Visits Made Simple

What is chickenpoxWhen to see your doctor?

I would recommend that if your child has been exposed to chickenpox or if you suspect they may have chickenpox, then a visit to the doctor is in order. There are other illnesses that cause blisters, like coxsackie, so getting a diagnosis is important. If your child is younger than six months then it is vital that you consult with your doctor.

Please call ahead and warn your doctor’s receptionists if you suspect chickenpox. I prefer for these children to be isolated from others in my waiting room. Once the diagnosis is made, please stay in contact with your doctor if any of these symptoms occur:

  • The blisters spread to the eyes.
  • The fever is around 39 degree Celsius and you are struggling to get it under control.
  • If your child develops a cough, has a stiff neck, feels dizzy or disorientated, struggles to breathe or starts vomiting.

But what can the doctor do?

For the most part, your doctor will just make the diagnosis and advise on how best to control the fever and how to help your child deal with the pain of the blisters. In certain cases, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication.

Is the vaccine safe, and what if a woman is pregnant?

I am aware of the ongoing resistance towards vaccinations, but I can honestly say this is an illness that children shouldn’t have to suffer. Even if it is only a week and no other complications arise, your child will suffer from fevers, run the risk of scarring and have a very uncomfortable time.

“…you may have all three stages of the rash — bumps, blisters and scabbed lesions — at the same time. Chickenpox is contagious until all broken blisters have crusted over.”

The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that the vaccine protects 98% of children who get the correct dose. If they do get the illness, then the severity of the disease is lessened.

The vaccine itself is well tolerated and in a recent article put out by the Mayo Clinic, it confirms that the vaccine is safe and very effective. This research and the risk of complications arising from chickenpox makes me an advocate for prevention through vaccination.

Children don’t need to suffer and we certainly don’t want our aged to suffer the torment of shingles.

The vaccine has not been approved for pregnant woman, so it is crucial that women consult with their doctors before they fall pregnant to ensure they’ve had the necessary vaccines or are immune to the illnesses.

Chickenpox in pregnancy is not to be taken lightly. If it is contracted in the first trimester, there is a risk that the baby is born with shortened limbs and low birth weight. If the mom gets chickenpox a few days before or after birth, the baby runs a significant risk of getting seriously ill.

This article was written for BabyYumYum by our partner paediatrician, Dr Maraschin.

ALSO READ: Pain or fever in children: how to care for them & when to see a doctor

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Facing Cancer Again While 7 Months Pregnant with Twins
Health & WellnessYour Health

Facing Cancer Again While 7 Months Pregnant with Twins

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum

Facing Cancer Again While 7 Months Pregnant with Twins tested every ounce of my strength, courage, and hope. The fear of the unknown collided with the joy of expecting two lives I had already dreamed of. Every scan, consultation, and sleepless night became a delicate balancing act between protecting my health and nurturing my twins. Sharing this story is my way of offering hope and connection to anyone navigating life’s toughest challenges while holding onto love and dreams, writes Wendy Meyer, cancer warrior x2 and mother to IVF twins.

Every year, as September comes to a close, I brace myself for a month of being inundated with cancer messaging from every publication, news channel and social gathering. October marks Breast Cancer Awareness Month, and three years ago, I probably wouldn’t have even known that. But in 2016, and again in 2017, my life changed forever after surviving this disease, and now, October is the month of opportunity to educate young women just like me on how to prepare for the worst, and hope for the best.

When I was 27 years old, I felt a lump in my right breast. It was pea-sized, nothing too concerning, but my gut just wouldn’t let it go. After a couple of weeks, I went to see a gynaecologist near my newly purchased home and, as I suspected, he told me I was completely paranoid and should go home. I was “too young” to experience anything sinister such as cancer and, most importantly, it didn’t run in my family. 

Three weeks later, that pea felt like three peas and again, my gut would not let it go. After bringing it up with my boyfriend a couple of times, he suggested I get a second opinion to put my mind at ease, and I agreed. That GP saved my life. He insisted that I go for a mammogram and an ultrasound, regardless of my age, and within a week, I had a biopsy that confirmed my worst fear – I had stage 2 breast cancer.

Whenever I’m asked how I knew I was sick, my answer and best piece of advice is that two opinions are always better than one. Trusting my instincts and seeing another doctor when that feeling didn’t leave the pit of my stomach saved my life. Later on in my journey, another doctor told me I’d never have children because I needed to start chemotherapy immediately, which turned out to be overly dramatic, and had I not sought another oncologist’s advice, I wouldn’t have the incredibly naughty, loving, funny, charming, crazy twins I have today.

“No one wants to think about becoming terribly sick but it is naïve to think it won’t happen to you, because one in every eight women in South Africa will be diagnosed with breast cancer.”

Another lesson for me during my diagnosis, was the importance of understanding insurance cover. The best thing my father ever did for me was insist that I had a gap cover throughout my life. During the two years that I was on and off treatment, there were too many moments where the financial shortfall between medical costs and what my medical scheme would pay out would’ve financially crippled me. But, without question every time, my gap cover would pay the difference and take away the pressure of the medical bills that just kept piling up.

When I had my mastectomy, I was really scared. It was the first time in my life that I felt completely out of control and scared of what this disease had done to me. During all of that, my medical aid rejected my claim because my cancer was only evident in one breast, not both, and therefore the second one would be for cosmetic purposes. But once again, my gap cover came to the rescue, filing a legal case on my behalf and winning, meaning they were forced to refund me and cover all those costs.

To a healthy person, these things sound like more of an administrative annoyance, but to someone who is fighting to stay alive and losing parts of their body, their hair and their fertility, having that kind of support is invaluable.

I also learned about what I wasn’t quite prepared for. At the tender age of 27, none of my life policies included coverage for dread disease – something that would have allowed me a lot more financial freedom during treatment.

When I got the call from my GP telling me my results had come back cancerous, I was sitting in a meeting with my manager and another colleague. Without having to say much, my manager went to my desk, packed up my bags and sent me home. I was so grateful to not have to worry about how or what to say, what would happen to my work, my clients, my deliverables, my responsibilities. And I was extremely fortunate enough to be given the time and space to deal with my disease and heal.

But something you just don’t think about in your twenties, is your employer’s policy around chronic illness, dread diseases or serious injuries. As this hadn’t happened before, we had to figure it out together. My employer was always flexible according to my needs and treatment plan, but our success was based on open and honest communication. Moving forward, I will always be sure to understand these policies from an employer, and to accept that most things can be figured out through candid conversations with the people around you.

The thing that you’re least prepared for when falling sick, is the healing. As humans, we only know fight or flight, and many people suffering from this disease choose to accept their fate and not go through the battle of treatment. Those who decide to take on the fight are very focused on the practical steps of it, usually incredibly focused on a timeline with mini-goals. Every chemo session completed is another milestone to tick off the list. Every radiation session is one step closer to the end – the end of the nightmare, the end of the hospital drives, the end of the pain, the sleepiness, the nausea, the feeling of being in limbo. And you have to be focused on the end. It is the only way through.

But it was only during my second diagnosis that I realised I’d never truly processed my journey. Sixteen months after my final chemotherapy, while seven months pregnant with my twins, my cancer returned, and this time I could not accept it. Looking back, I can see that it was because I’d never really worked through the first experience emotionally. I spent a lot of time being positive, surrounded by people who would call me brave and inspirational and courageous, which masked a lot of what was really going on in my heart. I didn’t feel the way they described me, but I just took each day as it came, not thinking too long or hard about it.

When my oncologist announced my second diagnosis, I realised that this was my reality. I can now understand the importance of taking the time to heal, both emotionally and physically, instead of rushing to get back to some form of normal. Being your normal will never be the same again. And it’s okay to be different and think differently, and even want different things after a trauma like that. But it’s all about gifting yourself with the time and space to heal in all the ways you need to.

No one wants to think about becoming terribly sick but it is naïve to think it won’t happen to you, because one in every eight women in South Africa will be diagnosed with breast cancer. And cancer does not discriminate against age, gender, race, occupation, or smarts. The best you can do is arm yourself with knowledge, trust your instincts, get as many professional opinions as you need, understand your environment and journey, and let yourself work through it with the help of your tribe.

Written by Wendy Meyer, cancer warrior x2 and mother to IVF twins.

ALSO READ: I had breast cancer & couldn’t breastfeed my babies

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Gestational diabetes increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. Here are 5 key steps to help lower your future risk and stay healthy post-pregnancy.
Health & WellnessYour Health

Had Gestational Diabetes? 5 Ways to Lower Your Type 2 Diabetes Risk

by The Conversation
written by The Conversation

Gestational diabetes is a temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy, but for many women, it comes with a long-term concern—the increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Studies show that women who experience gestational diabetes are at a significantly higher risk of type 2 diabetes within 5 to 10 years post-pregnancy. But the good news? There are steps you can take to reduce your risk and maintain long-term health. By making simple yet effective lifestyle changes, including healthy eating, regular exercise, and monitoring blood sugar levels, you can lower your chances of developing type 2 diabetes.

Gestational diabetes is a specific type of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy.

Once you’ve had gestational diabetes, your risk of having it again in your next pregnancy is higher. So too is your lifetime chance of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

The good news is taking steps such as adopting a healthier diet and being more active will lower those risks, while improving health and well-being for you and your family.

Read more: Gestational diabetes in the mother increases Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes risks for the whole family              

What is gestational diabetes?

Gestational diabetes affects about one in seven to eight pregnant women in Australia. Women are screened for gestational diabetes at around 24 to 28 weeks gestation using a glucose tolerance test. Gestational diabetes is diagnosed when blood glucose levels, also called blood sugar levels, are higher than the normal range.

Screening is designed to ensure women with gestational diabetes receive treatment as early as possible to minimise health risks for both the mother and the baby. Risks include having a baby born weighing more than four kilograms, and the need to have a caesarean section. Management of gestational diabetes includes close monitoring of blood glucose levels, a healthy diet, and being physically active.

The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases markedly in the first five years following gestational diabetes, with risk plateauing after ten years. Women who have had gestational diabetes have more than seven times the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future than women who haven’t had the condition.

Type 2 diabetes

If type 2 diabetes goes undiagnosed, the impact on your health can be high – especially if it’s not detected until complications arise.

Early signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes include extreme thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, frequent infections and feeling tired and lethargic.

Doing regular exercise can lessen the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.               From shutterstock.com  

Doing regular exercise can lessen the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.               From shutterstock.com

Long-term complications include an increased risk of heart disease and stroke, damage to nerves (especially those in the fingers and toes), damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney disease, and damage to blood vessels in the eyes, leading to diabetes-related eye disease (called diabetic retinopathy).

If you’ve ever been diagnosed with gestational diabetes, here are five things you can do to lower your risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

1. Monitor your diabetes risk

Although gestational diabetes is a well-known risk factor for type 2 diabetes, some women have not been informed of the increased risk. This means they may not be aware of the recommendations to help prevent type 2 diabetes.

All women diagnosed with gestational diabetes should have a 75g oral glucose tolerance test at 6–12 weeks after giving birth. This is to check how their body responds to a spike in blood sugar after they’ve had the baby, and to develop a better picture of their likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes.

From that point, women who have had gestational diabetes should continue to have regular testing to see whether type 2 diabetes has developed.

Talk to your GP about how to best monitor diabetes risk factors. Diabetes Australia recommends a blood glucose test every one to three years.

2. Aim to eat healthily

Dietary patterns that include vegetables and fruit, whole grains, fish and foods rich in fibre and monounsaturated fats are associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

In more than 4,400 women with prior gestational diabetes, those who had healthier eating patterns, assessed using diet quality scoring tools, had a 40-57% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with women with the lowest diet quality scores.

Read more: Are you at risk of being diagnosed with gestational diabetes? It depends on where you live       

Glycaemic index (GI) ranks carbohydrate-containing foods according to their effect on blood glucose levels. The lower the GI, the slower the rise in blood sugar levels after eating. Research suggests that a higher GI diet, and consuming lots of high GI foods (glycaemic load), is associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, while a lower GI diet may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes.

3. Be as active as possible

Increasing your physical activity level can help lower your risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Engaging in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as walking for 30 minutes on five days a week; or accumulating 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity a week by swimming, running, tennis, cycling, or aerobics, is associated with a 45% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes after having had gestational diabetes. Importantly, both walking and jogging produced a similar lower risk of type 2 diabetes.

In contrast, prolonged time spent watching TV was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes.

Strength training is also important. A large study of 35,754 healthy women found those who engaged in any type strength training, such as pilates, resistance exercise or weights, had a 30% lower rate of developing type 2 diabetes compared to women who did not do any type of strength training.

Women who did both strength training and aerobic activity had an even lower risk of developing either type 2 diabetes or heart disease.

Breastfeeding has been shown to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, even in mums who haven’t had gestational diabetes.               From shutterstock.com

Breastfeeding has been shown to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, even in mums who haven’t had gestational diabetes.               From shutterstock.com

                         

4. Breastfeed for as long as you can

Research shows breastfeeding for longer than three months reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by about 46% in women who have had gestational diabetes. It is thought that breastfeeding leads to improved glucose and fat metabolism.

The Nurses Health Study followed more than 150,000 women over 16 years. It found that for every additional year of breastfeeding, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was reduced by 14-15% – even in mothers who had not been diagnosed with gestational diabetes.

Organisations such as the Australian Breastfeeding Association and lactation consultants offer support to help all women, including those who have had gestational diabetes, to breastfeed their infants for as long as they choose.

Read more: Breastfeeding Tracker Printable – Download for Free

5. Keep an eye on your weight

Weight gain is a known risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. In a study of 666 Hispanic women with previous gestational diabetes, a weight gain of 4.5kg during 2.2 years follow-up increased their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 1.54 times.

Another study saw 1,695 women with previous gestational diabetes followed up between eight to 18 years after their diagnosis. This research found that for each 5kg of weight gained, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes increased by 27%.

Aiming to modify your eating habits and being as active as you can will help with weight management and lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Within interventions that support people to adopt a healthy lifestyle, one review found every extra kilogram lost by participants was associated with 43% lower odds of developing type 2 diabetes.

Read more: Health Check: what’s the best diet for weight loss?       The Conversation

Clare Collins, Professor in Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Newcastle; Hannah Brown, PhD Candidate Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Newcastle, and Megan Rollo, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Nutrition & Dietetics, University of Newcastle

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

BabyYumYum Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – Gestational Diabetes and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

What is gestational diabetes?

Gestational diabetes is a temporary form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy when the body cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. It typically develops in the second or third trimester and usually resolves after childbirth.

What causes gestational diabetes?

During pregnancy, hormonal changes can affect how insulin works, making it harder for the body to control blood sugar levels. Factors such as being overweight, having a family history of diabetes, or being over 35 can increase the risk.

Does gestational diabetes go away after pregnancy?

Yes, for most women, blood sugar levels return to normal after childbirth. However, having gestational diabetes increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life, so regular check-ups are important.

How does gestational diabetes increase the risk of type 2 diabetes?

Women who experience gestational diabetes may have insulin resistance, which can persist after pregnancy. Over time, this can lead to higher blood sugar levels and eventually the development of type 2 diabetes.

What are the long-term health risks after gestational diabetes?

In addition to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, women may also be at risk of:

  • Developing gestational diabetes in future pregnancies
  • High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease
  • Obesity and metabolic syndrome

How can I reduce my risk of developing type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes?

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is key to lowering the risk. This includes:

  • Eating a balanced diet with whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats
  • Exercising regularly to improve insulin sensitivity
  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Breastfeeding (which may help regulate blood sugar levels)
  • Attending regular check-ups to monitor blood glucose levels

When should I get tested for type 2 diabetes after having gestational diabetes?

Women who have had gestational diabetes should have a glucose test 6–12 weeks after giving birth. If results are normal, screening should be repeated every 1–3 years to detect early signs of type 2 diabetes.

Can I develop gestational diabetes again in future pregnancies?

Yes, having gestational diabetes in one pregnancy increases the likelihood of developing it in subsequent pregnancies. However, adopting a healthy lifestyle before conception may help reduce the risk.

Does gestational diabetes affect my baby?

If poorly managed, gestational diabetes can lead to higher birth weight (macrosomia), premature birth, low blood sugar in the baby after birth, and a higher risk of childhood obesity or type 2 diabetes later in life. However, with proper management, most babies are born healthy.

Where can I get support after having gestational diabetes?

You can seek guidance from your GP, diabetes specialist, dietitian, or support groups for post-pregnancy health management. Many hospitals also offer diabetes prevention programmes for women at risk.

 

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace medical advice. If you have had gestational diabetes, speak to a healthcare professional for personalised advice on reducing your risk of type 2 diabetes.

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Bowen Therapy: Natural Relief for Pain
Experts

Expert Bowen Therapy: Natural Relief for Pain

by Fiona Hardie, founder of bounceback holistic pain and stress management
written by Fiona Hardie, founder of bounceback holistic pain and stress management

If you're tired of chasing relief from chronic aches and everyday tension, it might be time to explore the benefits of Bowen therapy. This gentle, non-invasive therapy is designed to help the body reset and heal itself—without needles, cracking or harsh pressure. Many people find relief from back pain, headaches, injuries and even stress-related tension. Whether you’re managing an old injury or daily stiffness, the benefits of Bowen therapy are worth exploring.

This month I want to introduce you to an extraordinary therapy that has been around for more than 60 years and has been practised in South Africa for more than 25. Bowen therapy has been steadily gaining ground in the last 15 years as a powerful and effective complementary therapy in this country. Worldwide it is extremely popular and is used by many physiotherapists, chiropractors and other medical professions as an add-on modality for their patients.

Developed by an incredibly gifted Australian body therapist named Tom Bowen – hence the name – Bowen therapy is a non-invasive, gentle technique that can be performed on absolutely anyone. From babies to harassed moms, stressed executives, anxious teenagers, older adults with poor mobility, and serious (and not so serious) athletes, and the injured and ill – this therapy never ceases to astound me or my clients who absolutely swear by its power and efficacy. While Bowen is outstanding for anything and everything, this article is aimed at parents and all topics baby and toddler – and older – related.

What’s behind Bowen therapy?

The main premise behind Bowen is that “function governs structure and structure governs function”. This means that if the body is out of alignment, it cannot function efficiently. Think poor posture and headaches, lower back pain and digestion issues. And, equally so, if the body is not functioning properly, its structure will also suffer. For example, constant pain can cause us to hunch our shoulders, dehydration can cause joint pain, diabetes and cancer can cause neuropathy (nerve weakness or numbness).

Within our bodies exists a powerful tissue known as the fascia. This is the “cling film” that holds our bodies together and runs throughout the body, both deeply and superficially. It surrounds our organs and muscles and allows free movement and glide between these structures as we move around. However, this remarkable tissue has been found to hold our traumas and tensions and this is where Bowen therapy is so effective.

Fascia relies on good hydration and slow stretching moves such as yoga and Pilates. It does not respond to aggressive massage but rather to gentle pressure. And Bowen is all about slow, moderate touch and a less-is-more approach. It basically sets the body into a state of self-healing by stimulating certain receptors and calming the fight or flight system so that our parasympathetic system – the rest and digest part – can take over and once relaxed the body can go about the task of healing itself.

How does Bowen therapy work?

Bowen addresses the posture to see where there is a muscle imbalance or tightness that could be pulling the structure out of kilter. The therapist then performs gentle moves at specific points on the body to release this tension, aiming for symmetry in the structure. While many of the moves seem random, most are performed over acupressure points and all are very specific in where they are made.

A feature of Bowen that sadly is not often explained to patients is the two-minute break – a short pause designed to allow the body to communicate with the brain in order for the appropriate response to take place within the body. This is another aspect that sets this technique apart from all others. The client leaves relaxed, feeling much floatier and more supple, and usually sleeps exceptionally well. In fact, I have had clients fall fast asleep on the massage table and I have had to leave them to nap for about 20 minutes.

“Bowen addresses the posture to see where there is a muscle imbalance or tightness that could be pulling the structure out of kilter.”

One of my more memorable young clients was a little boy of four years old who was brought in for a session. He slept so soundly that mom and I had a cup of tea outside my studio for an hour after as she could not wake him.  At the next session he arrived, blankie in tow, ready and prepared for that “nice long nap” he had last time.

Have you noticed that you, and many other parents, tend to cradle their babies on their left sides despite being right-handed? According to The Lancet, when cradled on the left side of the parent, maternal signals are given to baby’s free left ear and processed in the right brain hemisphere, which is the more advanced hemisphere at this stage of development and is related to receiving and processing of language and tones. Apparently, left-sided cradling facilitates the flow of auditory and visual communication between mom and baby. The Talmud states: “A woman who begins to nurse her son should start on the left side, as the source of all understanding is from the left side.”

Small baby receiving Bowen therapy

With regards to that interesting titbit, I often see mothers in my studio with neck and back pain and every one of them has developed this from standing incorrectly with their little one hoicked onto their left hip or from cradling their baby in their arms particularly favouring one side – usually the left. From a postural perspective, this often leads to stiffness and pain in the lower back, neck and shoulders, as the structure is being pulled out of alignment. Bowen addresses this beautifully, as the asymmetry is corrected by working on the relevant areas. I love to add some Pilates exercises and stretches for my client to practice at home to maintain the newfound symmetry.

Another issue of massive concern to parents is bedwetting. Although this is often the case in children six or seven years and over, they benefit very well from Bowen. Obviously, there are many reasons why a child may wet the bed, and much support and positivity are needed from both the Bowen therapist and the parent.  Remember that Bowen addresses our parasympathetic system – calming the fight or flight system – and this is another reason it is so effective in assisting with bedwetting. The body needs to relax to heal whatever may be going on emotionally, mentally or physically.

Asthma is another area of worry and the Bowen asthma move has proven time and again to be super effective at relaxing the diaphragm so that the child can breathe more easily.  In some cases, the need for an inhaler has been removed as the technique is so powerful. Of course, this is not recommended without the consent of the medical professional involved.

Parenting and pregnancy symptoms Bowen can assist with:

  • mastitis
  • fertility and conception
  • ADD
  • digestive complaints
  • anxiety and stress
  • breastmilk production
  • pelvic pain and other postural niggles stemming from pregnancy
  • oedema and hypertension that may be present
  • morning sickness
  • colic and restlessness
  • colds and sinusitis
  • headaches and migraines

Bowen is a therapy that should be experienced. It is truly non-invasive – the client remains fully clothed during the session – and the overall feeling of well-being that is experienced afterwards brings clients back again and again even when they don’t need fixing.

I would like to end on this quote: “An empty lantern provides no light. Self-care is the fuel that allows your light to shine brightly.”

Also read:
Want to increase your milk supply? Try reflexology
7 Ways to Tackle Postpartum Weight Loss And Regain Your Pre-Baby Body

BabyYumYum FAQ’S: Bowen Therapy: Natural Relief for Pain

What is Bowen therapy?

Bowen therapy is a gentle, non-invasive technique that uses subtle rolling movements over muscles, tendons, and fascia to stimulate the body’s natural healing processes.

What conditions can Bowen therapy help treat?

It is commonly used to support relief from back pain, neck tension, headaches, sports injuries, stress, and musculoskeletal problems. Some also use it for digestive or respiratory issues.

Is Bowen therapy safe for everyone?

Yes, it’s considered safe for all ages – including babies, pregnant women, and the elderly – because it’s low-impact and does not involve forceful manipulation.

How does Bowen therapy differ from massage or chiropractic care?

Unlike massage, Bowen therapy focuses on specific points and uses minimal pressure. It also differs from chiropractic adjustments as it does not involve joint manipulation or cracking.

What does a Bowen therapy session involve?

You’ll typically lie on a massage table (fully clothed), while the therapist makes small, rolling movements across certain muscle groups. Short pauses between moves allow your body to respond and reset.

How many sessions will I need?

Many people feel improvement after just 1–3 sessions, although chronic conditions may require more. Your therapist will assess your individual needs and create a plan.

Is Bowen therapy painful?

No. The movements are light and gentle, and most people find the sessions deeply relaxing. You might feel tingling, warmth, or muscle twitches as your body responds.

Can Bowen therapy be used alongside other treatments?

Yes, it is often used in combination with conventional medical care. However, it’s best to avoid other bodywork (like massage or physio) within a few days of your session to allow Bowen to take effect.

Is Bowen therapy covered by medical aid in South Africa?

Some South African medical aid plans may cover Bowen therapy under complementary or allied health services. It’s advisable to check with your provider and ensure your therapist is registered with a recognised body.

How do I find a qualified Bowen therapist?

Look for practitioners registered with professional organisations such as the Bowen Association of South Africa to ensure proper training and experience.

 

Disclaimer: The information in this FAQ is intended for general educational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment, especially if you have a chronic or serious medical condition.

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Gum disease in pregnancy poses a risk to newborns
Pregnancy

Gum disease in pregnancy poses a risk to newborns

by The Conversation
written by The Conversation

Pregnancy affects almost every part of your body—including your gums. What many expecting mums don’t realise is that gum disease in pregnancy poses a risk to newborns, potentially leading to premature birth or low birth weight. Hormonal changes can make your gums more sensitive, inflamed, and vulnerable to infection. But with regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene, this hidden risk is entirely preventable. Understanding how gum disease in pregnancy poses a risk to newborns is an important step in protecting both your health and your baby’s start in life.

Mothers-to-be must go for dental check-ups early on in their pregnancies to ensure that they don’t develop pregnancy gingivitis.  

Women who develop severe mouth infections and suffer from bleeding gums when they are pregnant have a greater chance of delivering their babies preterm if they don’t treat the infection.

Up to 70% of women develop inflammation of the gums, or gingivitis, during their pregnancy. It’s commonly referred to as pregnancy gingivitis. This is due to the changes in a mother’s hormone levels during pregnancy. This promotes an inflammatory response which increases the risk of developing periodontal disease.

Periodontal diseases are infections of the structures around the teeth including the gums, ligaments and bone. They may cause bleeding of the gums and in severe cases, loss of teeth.

The challenge is that not many mothers seek dental treatment for bleeding gums during pregnancy. And antenatal clinics pay little, if any, attention to the mother’s oral health status. As a result, this complication often goes undetected.

Our research shows that incorporating a rapid point-of-care test into routine antenatal examinations could help diagnose periodontal disease. The test is simple and inexpensive and is widely used as a diagnostic test for periodontal disease.

If the test is set up before the patient is examined, it can deliver a result by the time her examination is complete. This would alert antenatal health care providers of the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Mothers can then be referred to a dental clinic for prompt treatment to reduce their risk.

Premature babies

Across the world, about 6.9 million babies die due to prematurity. Many as a result of their birth weight being low. In the US about 7% of babies are born with a low birth weight while in the UK, this figure sits at 6%.

But in Africa up to 12% of babies are born with a low birth weight. In South Africa neonatal deaths account for about 40% of all deaths in children under the age of 5. In Angola and the Central African Republic, close to 100 babies in every 1000 die within the first four weeks of birth. These are the highest known rates of infant death in the world. This compares to the UK and the US where only seven in every 1000 infants die within the first four weeks of life.

Studies have linked babies born prematurely with a low birth weight to their mothers’ smoking habits, and her ethnicity. Other factors have also played a role such as the mother’s age, whether she previously delivered a baby that had a low birth weight, whether she had pregnancy complications and the type of delivery she had.

Some research found a link between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes but other studies couldn’t establish a conclusive link. None of these studies were in the developing world.

But our research in South Africa and Rwanda has found a link between mothers with periodontal disease that deliver underweight preterm babies. Our study was the first in Africa to link periodontal disease to pre-term delivery.

What we found

As part of our research we did two studies. One focused on pregnant women during their antenatal visits to maternal obstetric units in Kwazulu-Natal. The other looked at mothers admitted to labour wards in Rwanda’s Butare Hospital.

One study showed there was a strong likelihood that there would be an adverse pregnancy outcome when a mother was clinically diagnosed with periodontal disease. Those who didn’t have periodontal disease were more likely to have normal pregnancy outcomes.

The other study focused on the specifics of the bacteria associated with periodontal disease.

In the immune system there are two sets of proteins called cytokines, which regulate the body’s response to an inflammation. There are pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In normal full term pregnancies, proteins that encourage inflammation in the body are regulated by those that dismiss the inflammation. This prevents the body developing an inflammation and rejecting the fetus.

But our studies confirmed that when a woman had periodontal disease there was an imbalance in these proteins which could create an inflammation in the woman’s body and induce preterm labour.

Changing testing patterns

The earlier periodontal disease is diagnosed in pregnant women, the less of a chance it has of having an impact on their delivery.

Surveys into practice behaviours of obstetricians in other countries show there’s growing awareness of the link between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

But not enough is being done to forge the collaboration between the antenatal health care providers and oral health care professionals.

Obstetricians argue that they have no time to perform oral examinations during antenatal consultations. And, they argue, these would be better performed by oral health care workers.The Conversation

Charlene Africa, Professor of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

BabyYumYum Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – Gum Disease in Pregnancy and Risks to Newborns

Is gum disease common during pregnancy?

Yes, many pregnant women experience pregnancy gingivitis, which is a mild form of gum disease. Hormonal changes can cause the gums to become more sensitive, inflamed and prone to bleeding.

How does gum disease affect pregnancy?

Untreated gum disease has been linked to an increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and in some cases, pre-eclampsia. The inflammation and bacteria in the mouth may affect the placenta and developing baby.

Why does pregnancy increase the risk of gum problems?

Increased levels of oestrogen and progesterone can make gums more reactive to plaque and bacteria, leading to swelling, bleeding, and infection.

What are the signs of gum disease in pregnancy?

  • Red, swollen, or tender gums

  • Gums that bleed when brushing or flossing

  • Bad breath that doesn’t go away

  • Receding gums or loose teeth (in more severe cases)

Can gum disease be prevented during pregnancy?

Yes. Good oral hygiene is key. Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, floss daily, and visit your dentist or hygienist for a routine check-up and cleaning, ideally early in pregnancy.

Is it safe to see the dentist while pregnant?

Absolutely. Regular dental care is safe and encouraged during pregnancy. Let your dentist know you’re expecting so they can tailor any treatment appropriately, especially during the second trimester, which is the best time for non-urgent dental procedures.

Can gum disease harm my baby after birth?

While the biggest concern is during pregnancy, ongoing gum disease can still affect overall health and well-being. Keeping your mouth healthy may help reduce risks not just for you, but for your newborn’s early health as well.

What should I do if I think I have gum disease while pregnant?

Book a dental appointment as soon as possible. Early treatment, including a professional clean and improved at-home care, can manage or reverse early gum disease.

Are mouth rinses or medicated toothpastes safe to use in pregancy?

Some mouthwashes are safe, especially alcohol-free, antibacterial rinses. Always check with your dentist or midwife before using any medicated oral product during pregnancy.

Can improving oral health help reduce pregnancy complications?

Yes, studies suggest that maintaining good oral hygiene may reduce the risk of preterm birth and other complications linked to inflammation and infection.

 

Disclaimer: This information is intended for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical or dental advice. Always consult your dentist, doctor or midwife if you have concerns about your oral health during pregnancy.

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Baby Yum Yum - Pregnant at 44, after giving up all hope of extending her family
PregnancyMiscarriage & Baby Loss

Pregnant at 44, after giving up all hope of extending her family

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum

At the age of 44, ex-pats Kim Stanway-Kok and her husband Rene Kok (47) had long since given up any hope of extending their family. Having made a life for themselves in Holland and already blessed with two sons, Kyle (27) and Keegan (17), the couple had always secretly felt their family was incomplete. However, after two miscarriages seven years ago and the removal of uterine tumours, her gynaecologist had given Kim a less than 0.05% chance of conceiving again.

After Kyle married and left home two years ago, the couple coped with their “empty nest” feelings by adding two Labrador furbabies (Bella and Kaya) to the family, which already included their Norwegian bush cats, Nala and Skyla. But life has a funny way of throwing a spanner into the works, and Kim unexpectedly became pregnant in 2018. She shares her story with us all the way from Holland.

Kim and Rene were high school sweethearts in South Africa and have been together ever since. The two moved to the Netherlands in 1998 and both have successful careers, Kim as an HR manager in a large international corporation and Rene in the motor vehicle industry. With two boys, two cats and, later on, two labbies, their lives were full… but there was still a niggling feeling that something was missing.

After having undergone IVF to conceive their youngest son, Kim struggled to conceive another baby so the couple were happy to focus on the blessings they already had. That is, until she returned from a business trip to the USA last year.

The best kind of surprise

Kim had felt ill the whole time she was away and came down with pneumonia upon her return home. After several doctor’s visits, she was sent to hospital to see a specialist who ran a few tests – including a standard pregnancy test, which came back positive. Alone at the hospital, a shocked Kim was sent for an echo (foetal echocardiogram, which is similar to an ultrasound).

“It was a surreal experience seeing our little baby for the first time, the heart beating really fast,” she says. “I heard the technician say that everything looked good and I was on track for 11 weeks, but that I would need a few more tests.”

At that moment, Kim snapped out of her daze and looked around her in total disbelief and shock. The technician gave her a hug and they sat and talked, which helped calm Kim down before she walked out of the hospital. She sat in her car for what felt like hours clutching the picture of the echo that she had been given… a baby… their baby!

In all that confusion she hadn’t contacted Rene yet so she texted him and sent him the picture, knowing that she wouldn’t be able to get the words out. He’d been waiting anxiously to hear how the appointment had gone as there is a history of lung cancer in Kim’s family. His response was a quick and confused “whose baby is this?” thinking they were about to become grandparents.

Kim’s reply of “ours” resulted in a flurry of texts and realising her husband was panicking, she called him rather than speculate the hows and whys via text messages. “My dreams of an early retirement and fabulous cruises flew by the wayside, replaced with thoughts of nappies, sleepless nights and a family of five,” she adds.

Later that evening, they debated the risks and discussed the sheer magnitude of the news, but decided that this baby was their little miracle and more than welcome! “Yes, we walked around like zombies for the following couple of months absorbing the fact, but we couldn’t contain our excitement any longer when we found out we were having a little girl!”

Sharing the news

Having sailed through both pregnancies with her sons, Kim suffered pregnancy symptoms such as morning sickness, headaches and heartburn to high blood pressure and swollen feet. She ascribes this difference to hormones and the fact that this time she was having a girl, rather than her age.

“My dreams of an early retirement and fabulous cruises flew by the wayside, replaced with thoughts of nappies, sleepless nights and a family of five.”

With her health ups and downs during the pregnancy, as well as simply taking the time to let the shock sink in, the couple was very selective as to who they shared their happy news with, keeping it to family and very close friends who saw them regularly.

“You often hear of pregnancies over the age of 35 being referred to as ‘geriatric’ pregnancies (which I honestly find rather insulting, regardless of it being medical terminology).” Kim shares, “Some of the early reactions we got were less than complimentary and very intrusive, from being asked if we would keep the baby and if it was healthy.”

“It wasn’t as if we hadn’t run through every scenario and turned to Google to explore every statistic and outcome ourselves. Looking back, we know there was no ill intent meant by the invasive questions and these people have been a great support now that Haylee is here,” she adds.

mom-to-be-waiting-for-maternity-room-with-geriatric-pregnancy

Waiting for the maternity room the day Haylee was born. Image supplied

“I have spoken to a few of them, reminding them that their reference point for a healthy pregnancy is based on what they have been told or have seen. In years gone by, women over the age of 50 were having babies and while the risks will always be there, modern technology has solutions to these complications. I also reminded them gently not to stand in judgement of others, but rather respect them and acknowledge that anyone in this situation will have thought through this decision very carefully.”

Prenatal care

According to Kim, most women in Holland have home births with a midwife, unless they are older than 35 or considered high risk. In her case, she had to be under the care of a gynaecologist as well as a midwife, and she had about eight echoes in addition to the standard three. “My blood pressure was high and I had placenta previa (both age-related complications), so I was monitored daily and had to take additional medication and vitamins, and have further blood tests,” she explains.

“Even though the NIPT (non-invasive prenatal testing) and neck measurements indicated a healthy baby, it wasn’t until the moment Haylee was born and she was handed to me so we could see her for ourselves that we really believed it. (Tip: Google is not your friend in these circumstances!)”

As for a birth plan, Kim admits to being a planner by nature, usually with a few back-ups for any event. “However, after I learnt I had placenta previa I had to let go of my plans and go with the flow. I’m happy I took that approach otherwise I would’ve been very disappointed and sad that I didn’t have the candlelight and water birth with my birthing partner.”

“Age is just a number. Personally, I was happy and a pregnancy/baby was welcome.”

Being an experienced mother, Kim understood the importance of antenatal preparation, so she attended maternity yoga and Rene joined her for the breathing exercises. It turned out that these exercises still came in use due to the ‘gentle C-section’ technique that Kim underwent under local anaesthesia, which mimics a natural birth by involving the parents as much as possible, including the bonding process. She delivered at 37 weeks and the birth was quick and while Rene was the only family with her at the delivery, there were 11 hospital staff members in attendance while her sons waited in the maternity wing.

As for preparing for a baby 17 years after her last child was born, Kim laughs and says that nothing much has changed – except for the prams and gadgets!

She says confidently, “This time round we are more than prepared. Age and experience bring a wealth of enjoyment and calmness that is ensuring a fabulous bonding process!”

Rights, rituals and tradition

“In the Netherlands,” explains Kim, “pregnant women get 12 weeks of paid maternity leave, of which they are allowed six weeks (with a minimum of four weeks) before the birth. You are also entitled to 26 weeks’ unpaid parental leave. I also have vacation leave saved up so I’ll only return to work when Haylee is seven months old. Men get five days optional paternity leave.”

When it came to choosing a name for our little girl, Rene took the helm. Haylee is a combination of my aunt and my brother’s names. Her second and third names, Alexandra Lyn, are after my sister and mother respectively. “Coming up with a name that goes with the surname and that can be pronounced here in Holland was not an easy task!” she says with a chuckle.

stork-and-baby-wreath-for-baby-shower-celebration-of-birth

Stork and wreath exterior decorations celebrating the birth. Images supplied

Rituals are very different in Holland to South Africa. Kim explains, “It has only recently become a trend in Holland to have baby showers or gender reveal parties. Here, after a baby is born the exterior of the home is decorated with a stork and a wreath to announce the birth. Birth announcement cards are sent to family, friends, colleagues and neighbours. In our neighbourhood (South Holland) people come from everywhere to celebrate the birth, bringing gifts. The parents supply Dutch rusks and “muisjes” (sugar-coated aniseeds) in pink for a girl and blue for a boy – or both if the trend is to be gender-neutral.”

pink-and-blue-muisjes-baby-shower-biscuits-for-celebration-of-birth-of-child

Dutch rusks with blue, pink and white “muisjes”. Image supplied

Babies have to be registered within three working days and usually take the father’s surname. The same applies if he has legally acknowledged paternity and is not be married to the mother. The mother can request that the baby also shares her surname and, in that case, the surname will be double-barrel.

brothers-with-baby-sister-who-was-born-from-mother-that-was-44-years-old-geriatric-pregnancy

L-R: Kyle and Keegan, holding Haylee. Three generations of children. Image supplied

Living in a pink cloud

The boys are besotted with her, Kim says with delight! “They sit and stare at her (well, apart from at 4am when she wakes Keegan up!). As for the labbies, Bella has a strong mothering instinct and sits near Haylee all day. Kaya is more cautious – she loves the milky smell, but keeps a respectful distance.

Interestingly, after she came home from the hospital, both of the dogs would sit calmly by Kim’s feet while she recovered from the surgery. Now they come for their normal loves and attention, but know that they have to share mommy.

In terms of support, Kim says they have friends in Holland but other family is strewn across the world, so it’s just them. It helps being a close-knit family.

Having had two ‘normal births’ and now the C-section, Kim doesn’t understand why one would opt for an elective caesarean. “Recovery takes longer and it’s painful. That said, I was determined to get out of bed quickly (within 12 hours) and not to dose myself with too many painkillers. I took a painkiller for my ‘maiden voyage’ out of bed but thereafter it was paracetamol and determination, within limits of course as it’s still major abdominal surgery.”

Feeding has been a bit of challenge as well, as Kim contracted an infection in hospital and had to mainly pump breast milk. She had to relactate (resuming breastfeeding after a period of little or no breastfeeding) a few times, which meant trying to feed every hour but, fortunately for Kim, little Haylee is an easy baby and loves to snuggle in her parents’ arms.

mother-sitting-with-newborn-baby-after-geriatric-pregnancy

Mom and baby living in a pink cloud. Image supplied

When asked what advice she would give any other woman in a similar situation, Kim says, “Age is just a number. Personally, I was happy and a pregnancy/baby was welcome. At any age a surprise pregnancy is just that – a surprise. Where it’s within your control, the decision to see a pregnancy through to term is yours and yours alone.”

She concludes, “The risks at any age are real and should not be underestimated. I can only say that for us, as I sit here with my baby girl on my knee, I’m exhausted, exhilarated, enchanted and blessed. Having a girl after two boys makes my family complete. I am surrounded by the proverbial pink cloud that everyone talks about and cannot imagine that we ever existed without our amazing baby girl!”

Also read:

The right to conceive
What are your choices when it comes to childbirth?

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