Decoding ADHD: What it is, how to diagnose it & how to treat it is essential for anyone navigating this complex condition. ADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, affects millions worldwide, influencing both children and adults. Understanding its symptoms, getting an accurate diagnosis, and knowing the treatment options can significantly improve the quality of life for those affected.
ADHD is characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning. Recognising these symptoms early can lead to timely intervention and better management. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough evaluation by healthcare professionals, including clinical assessments and behavioural observations.
Once diagnosed, ADHD can be managed through a combination of treatments. These may include medication, behavioural therapy, lifestyle changes, and educational support. Each individual’s needs are unique, and a personalised approach to treatment can make a significant difference.
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a disorder that is still not completely understood. Part of the reason why this disorder is so complex is that many of the symptoms can easily be overlooked as ‘situation specific’.
It is easy for anyone to become distracted, fidgety or unorganised, but when these behaviours start affecting everyday life, there may be a greater and more serious reason.
People affected by ADHD can develop emotional, social, occupational and academic problems and should be given the opportunity to understand how to best treat their condition.
In late 2010 The Lancet published a report showcasing research supporting DNA testing in disorders such as ADHD. Dr Danny Meyersfeld, CEO of DNAlysis Biotechnology says, “The stigma that ADHD is due to ‘bad parenting’ is in the process of being lifted, with new research supporting the link between ADHD and an individual’s DNA.”
Further research shows that there is a link between these DNA differences and other disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. The good news is that ADHD can be treated effectively and DNA testing can help to understand how to best treat the disorder.
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However, in order to treat it, ADHD first has to be recognised and diagnosed, a feat within itself.
“DNA testing cannot diagnose an ADHD disorder; however, the test can help your doctor prescribe medication that is best suited to your specific genes.”
ADHD is most commonly associated with concentration issues. However, symptoms differ according to age and stage and present differently in children and adults. ADHD in children may be more visible during school hours, when teachers notice that the child finds it difficult to focus and gets distracted easily.
This can progress to the child not being able to finish their task completely before moving onto the next one. Since ADHD symptoms can be so common in children, teachers may often mistake general focus issues for ADHD. In cases like these, it is important to seek medical counsel so that the child can be correctly diagnosed and treated.
In adults, these traits can extend to the inability to be on time, poor organisational skills and difficulty controlling their behaviour.
Often a parent may recognise their own ADHD through watching their child; even adults should seek medical advice in order to further understand the disorder and how to treat correctly.
“DNA testing cannot diagnose an ADHD disorder; however, the test can help your doctor prescribe medication that is best suited to your specific genes,” says Meyersfeld. “Our technology allows you to further understand your genes and how your body is going to metabolise certain medications.” 
Treating mental disorders can often become an expensive trial and error exercise, but DNA testing takes the mystery out of the process and leaves you and your doctor with concrete information that is only relevant to you. This allows you to find a treatment plan that is effective for both your child’s wellbeing and your pocket.
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FAQs: Decoding ADHD: What It Is, How to Diagnose It & How to Treat It
What is ADHD? ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects both children and adults and can impact daily functioning and quality of life.
What are the main symptoms of ADHD? The primary symptoms of ADHD include difficulty paying attention, excessive activity, and impulsive behaviour. These symptoms can vary in severity and may present differently in individuals.
How is ADHD diagnosed? ADHD is diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, typically involving a clinical interview, behavioural assessments, and information from multiple sources such as parents, teachers, and self-reports.
At what age can ADHD be diagnosed? ADHD can be diagnosed as early as preschool age, but symptoms often become more noticeable when a child starts school. However, some individuals are not diagnosed until adolescence or adulthood.
What are the different types of ADHD? There are three types of ADHD: predominantly inattentive presentation, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation, and combined presentation. The type is determined based on the most dominant symptoms present.
What causes ADHD? The exact cause of ADHD is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Research suggests that it runs in families and may involve differences in brain structure and function.
Is ADHD hereditary? Yes, ADHD tends to run in families, indicating a genetic component. If a parent has ADHD, there is a higher likelihood that their child may also have the condition.
How is ADHD treated? ADHD is commonly treated with a combination of medication, behavioural therapy, and educational interventions. Treatment plans are tailored to the individual’s needs and may include lifestyle changes and support strategies.
What medications are used to treat ADHD? Medications for ADHD include stimulants (such as methylphenidate and amphetamines) and non-stimulants (such as atomoxetine and guanfacine). These medications help manage symptoms by affecting brain chemicals involved in attention and behaviour.
What are the side effects of ADHD medications? Common side effects of ADHD medications include decreased appetite, sleep problems, headaches, and increased heart rate. Side effects vary depending on the medication and the individual.
Can ADHD be managed without medication? Yes, ADHD can be managed without medication through behavioural therapies, lifestyle changes, and support strategies. Non-medical interventions can include cognitive-behavioural therapy, organisational skills training, and exercise.
How can parents support a child with ADHD? Parents can support a child with ADHD by establishing routines, providing clear instructions, using positive reinforcement, and collaborating with teachers and healthcare providers. Creating a structured and supportive environment is key.
Can adults have ADHD? Yes, adults can have ADHD. While symptoms may change with age, many individuals continue to experience difficulties with attention, organisation, and impulsivity in adulthood. Adult ADHD can impact work, relationships, and daily functioning.
What challenges do individuals with ADHD face? Individuals with ADHD may face challenges such as academic difficulties, low self-esteem, social problems, and higher risk of mental health issues like anxiety and depression. Effective management and support are crucial for overcoming these challenges.
Are there any lifestyle changes that can help manage ADHD? Yes, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and stress management can help manage ADHD symptoms. Structured routines and mindfulness practices can also be beneficial.
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