A childhood asthma diagnosis can feel overwhelming for parents, but the good news is that asthma can be effectively managed. With the right treatment, lifestyle adjustments, and awareness of triggers, children with asthma can live active, happy, and healthy lives. By understanding asthma triggers, ensuring the proper use of inhalers and medications, and making small changes to daily routines, parents can help reduce the frequency and severity of asthma symptoms. Let's explore how to manage asthma in children, helping parents feel empowered and children breathe easier.
Workers’ Day is not only a reason to take a day off work; 1 May is also World Asthma Day and throughout May, the Allergy Foundation of SA (AFSA) is raising awareness of this distressing condition with advice and guidelines on how best to manage it.
Correctly managed and treated, asthma can be controlled and it is important to seek medical help as soon as symptoms are experienced. Prof. Claudia Gray, paediatrician and allergologist, says, “Asthma is the most common non-communicable disease and as such deserves much attention.
The goal is for asthmatics to lead as normal and active a life as possible. Accurate diagnosis and tailored, effective treatment are essential and very possible in the South African context.”
“Asthma affects people of all ages, although the onset is more often during childhood. It is the most common chronic childhood disease.”
Asthma facts
Asthma facts- South Africa has the fifth highest asthma-related death rate in the world.
- A conservative annual figure of asthma-related fatalities in SA is 15 000, of which 12 000 should be preventable.
- Asthma is also the third most common illness resulting in hospitalisation, adding significantly to healthcare costs in both the public and private sectors.
- Eight out of 10 asthmatics will also suffer from allergic rhinitis, or hay fever.
- Asthma affects people of all ages, although the onset is more often during childhood. It is the most common chronic childhood disease, with approximately 20% of children and 10% of adults having asthma.
- Young children who frequently have wheezing symptoms, with or without viral infections, are the most likely to have asthma.
- Other associated risk factors include allergies such as eczema, or parents who have asthma.
- Many, but not all, people with asthma have allergies to environmental allergens such as house dust mite or grass.
- In children, more boys than girls have asthma, but among adults, more women than men have the disease! It’s not clear whether or how sex and sex hormones play a role in causing asthma.
- Some people may develop asthma because of contact with chemicals or dust in their workplace. This type of asthma is called occupational asthma.
For more detail on how to manage asthma visit: http://www.allergyfoundation.co.za/patient-information/en/asthma/ and download the free AFSA leaflet: “How to control asthma”.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – Managing Asthma in Children
What is asthma in children?
Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the airways, causing inflammation and narrowing, which makes breathing difficult. It is common in children and can be triggered by allergens, infections, or environmental factors.
What are the symptoms of asthma in children?
Asthma symptoms vary but may include:
- Frequent coughing (especially at night or after exercise)
- Wheezing (a whistling sound when breathing)
- Shortness of breath
- Chest tightness or discomfort
- Episodes of worsening breathing (asthma attacks)
What triggers asthma in children?
Common asthma triggers include:
- Allergens (dust mites, pollen, pet dander, mould)
- Cold air or weather changes
- Exercise or physical activity
- Respiratory infections (colds, flu)
- Smoke, pollution, or strong odours
- Stress or strong emotions
How is childhood asthma diagnosed?
Doctors may diagnose asthma based on:
- Medical history and symptoms
- Physical examination
- Lung function tests (for older children)
- Allergy testing if allergens are suspected triggers
Can asthma be cured?
There is no permanent cure for asthma, but it can be effectively managed with the right treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Many children experience fewer symptoms as they grow older, but some may have asthma into adulthood.
How can I help my child manage asthma?
- Ensure they take prescribed medications correctly
- Identify and avoid triggers as much as possible
- Monitor symptoms and peak flow readings (if advised by a doctor)
- Encourage regular, moderate exercise (with proper precautions)
- Ensure flu and pneumonia vaccinations to reduce respiratory infections
What medications are used to treat asthma in children?
Doctors typically prescribe two types of medication:
- Reliever inhalers (short-acting bronchodilators) – Used for quick relief during an asthma attack (e.g., Salbutamol/Ventolin).
- Preventer inhalers (corticosteroids or long-acting medication) – Used daily to reduce airway inflammation and prevent attacks.
How do I know if my child’s asthma is well-controlled?
A child’s asthma is well-managed if they:
- Have minimal symptoms and rarely use a reliever inhaler
- Sleep well without coughing or wheezing
- Can play and exercise normally without breathing issues
- Have no recent hospital visits or severe attacks
What should I do if my child has an asthma attack?
- Stay calm and reassure your child.
- Give their reliever inhaler (usually 2–4 puffs, with a spacer if needed).
- Encourage slow, steady breathing and sit them upright.
- If symptoms do not improve within 5–10 minutes, repeat the inhaler and seek immediate medical help.
- Call emergency services if breathing worsens, they become drowsy, or their lips turn blue.
Can my child still play sports if they have asthma?
Yes, children with asthma can participate in sports with proper management. Warming up before exercise, using a reliever inhaler before activity (if prescribed), and avoiding extreme weather conditions can help. Swimming is often recommended as it strengthens lung function.
Are there any natural remedies for asthma?
There is no proven natural cure for asthma, but lifestyle measures such as a balanced diet, hydration, breathing exercises, and reducing allergen exposure can help manage symptoms. Always consult a doctor before trying alternative treatments.
How can I create an asthma-friendly home?
- Keep the home free of dust and mould
- Use hypoallergenic bedding
- Keep pets out of bedrooms
- Avoid strong scents, air fresheners, and cigarette smoke
When should I take my child to the doctor for asthma?
See a doctor if your child:
- Frequently needs their reliever inhaler
- Has nighttime coughing or wheezing
- Struggles to keep up with activities
- Has worsening symptoms or recent hospital visits
Where can I get support for managing childhood asthma in South Africa?
You can seek advice from GPs, paediatricians, respiratory specialists, and asthma support organisations such as the Allergy Society of South Africa – ALLSA. Many government clinics also provide asthma education programmes.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace medical advice. If your child has asthma symptoms, consult a doctor or paediatrician for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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