Babies are delicate, and it’s completely normal for them to experience minor health issues in their early months. Understanding 6 common baby ailments & how to treat them, including congestion, cradle cap, acne & thrush, can help you manage your baby’s discomfort with confidence. Most of these conditions are harmless and can be treated with gentle care at home. Knowing what to expect and how to soothe your little one will give you peace of mind as a parent.
It’s so hard when your little one isn’t well or uncomfortable, but knowing what to expect can help you to determine whether your baby may require medical attention or not. These are some of the common conditions that may occur within the first eight months of your infant’s life.
1. How to treat nasal congestion in babies
To breathe, babies must get rid of the mucus clogging their nasal passages. Your baby can’t blow their nose so they rely on you to provide the appropriate help.
Signs and symptoms of nasal congestion in babies
- Allergies, sinusitis and the common cold can cause a runny or blocked nose. In fact, babies are likely to get between four and 10 colds in their first year.
- Mucus in the nose
- Runny nose
- Breathing is loud; snuffling sound
Treatment
- Use a vapouriser to moisturise the air.
- A few drops of saline solution will loosen mucus.
- Run a steamy shower while you hold your baby in the bathroom.
- Increase your baby’s fluid intake by offering more feeds.
When to call a doctor
- Your baby develops a cough or fever
- Your baby starts pulling or tugging at their ear
2. How to treat nappy rash
Nappy or diaper rash is an infection of the skin occurring in the nappy area.
Signs and symptoms of nappy rash
Nappy rash is easily identifiable by:
- Redness of the skin in the nappy area
- Spots or blotches on the skin
- Itching of the skin
- Scaling in the skin folds
- Discomfort in passing urine or stool
- Discomfort with sitting or walking
Treatment
Prevention is better than cure, so try to always apply a barrier cream to the nappy area. If your baby has a nappy rash:
- Keep the infected area clean and dry.
- Keep the nappy off and expose the infected skin area to warm dry air.
- Use zinc ointments to aid healing.
When to call a doctor
If the nappy rash does not clear within three days and your baby is in discomfort, consult your paediatrician. Some rashes are caused by fungal infections or bacteria and will need specific treatment to heal.
3. How to treat teething pain in babies
Teeth erupt through the gums and can cause your baby pain, usually from about six to seven months of age.
Signs and symptoms of teething in babies
- Your baby may start to chew on a fist or toys.
- They may have a fever and flushed cheeks.
- There will be excessive dribble.
- They may have a runny nose or loose stools.
Treatment
- Infant paracetamol will help.
- Something hard to chew on, such as a biscuit or cold carrots, can help.
When to call a doctor
- If they do not respond to infant paracetamol
- Develops diarrhoea or vomits, with a loss of appetite
- Develops a fever, cough or cold
“Baby acne looks similar to adult acne and doctors believe it is caused by pregnancy hormones that stimulate the oil glands in the skin.”
4. How to treat oral thrush in a baby
Thrush is a common yeast infection caused by the Candida fungus.
Signs and symptoms of oral thrush in a baby
The fungus invades the mouth and throat, forming cracks in the corners of the mouth and white or yellowish patches on the lips and tongues and inside the mouth. These can be painful and your baby may have trouble feeding. The fungus can also cause nappy rash.
Treatment/When to call a doctor
- Oral antifungal drops will be prescribed and you will need treatment for your nipples if you are breastfeeding.
- Continue treatment for 10 days AFTER the thrush has disappeared, to prevent reoccurrence.
- Antifungal cream for the nappy area.
- Give your baby a probiotic for 10 days.
5. How to treat cradle cap
While it may not look too pleasant, cradle cap is a harmless condition caused by the build-up of oil and the shedding of skin cells.
Signs and symptoms of cradle cap
Cradle cap appears when scaly patches of skin cells and/or redness appear on your baby’s scalp. These patches may appear golden and crusty.
Treatment
Treat cradle cap yourself by washing your baby’s hair with mild baby shampoo and applying baby oil to the affected area which you must leave on overnight. In the morning, use a soft baby brush to gently remove the scales. Repeat the process for at least a week until all the dry skin has been removed. Olive oil can also be used instead of baby oil.
When to call a doctor
If the cradle cap persists, ask your baby’s doctor about prescribing a medicated shampoo.
6. How to treat baby acne
Baby acne or pimples that break out on the face, typically during the fourth or fifth week of life, are harmless.
Signs and symptoms of baby acne
Baby acne looks similar to adult acne and doctors believe it is caused by pregnancy hormones that stimulate the oil glands in the skin. It is usually contained to the face, neck and upper chest area.
Treatment
Use a mild baby soap to gently wash your baby’s face once a day. Apply a mild moisturiser if the skin looks dry and flaky.
When to call a doctor
- Develops a fever, cough or cold if the acne becomes yellow and crusty.
- If your baby has a fever and loss of appetite as this may indicate a skin infection.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – Common Infant Conditions and When to Seek Medical Help
Can I use over-the-counter decongestants for my baby’s nasal congestion?
No, over-the-counter decongestants are not recommended for infants under two years old. Instead, using a saline nasal spray and a bulb syringe to gently clear mucus is a safer and more effective option.
How often should I change my baby’s nappy to prevent nappy rash?
Frequent nappy changes are key to preventing nappy rash. Change the nappy every 2-3 hours or as soon as it becomes wet or soiled. Giving your baby nappy-free time each day also helps keep the skin dry and irritation-free.
Can teething cause a high fever?
Teething may cause a slight increase in temperature, but it does not cause a high fever (above 38°C). If your baby develops a high fever, diarrhoea, or vomiting, it is likely due to an infection rather than teething, and you should consult a doctor.
Is oral thrush contagious?
Yes, oral thrush can be passed between a mother and baby, especially during breastfeeding. If your baby has oral thrush, you may also need antifungal treatment for your nipples to prevent reinfection. Sterilising bottles, dummies, and breastfeeding equipment can help stop the infection from spreading.
Can cradle cap spread to other parts of the body?
While cradle cap mainly affects the scalp, it can sometimes appear on the eyebrows, behind the ears, or on the neck. This is known as seborrhoeic dermatitis and is harmless. Regular washing and gentle brushing can help manage the condition.
Should I pop or squeeze baby acne?
No, never pop or squeeze baby acne, as it can lead to skin irritation and infection. Baby acne usually clears on its own within a few weeks. Washing with mild baby soap and warm water is the best way to care for your baby’s delicate skin.
Can my baby get a yeast infection from oral thrush?
Yes, the Candida fungus that causes oral thrush can also lead to a yeast infection in the nappy area. If your baby has both oral thrush and a persistent nappy rash, an antifungal cream may be required to treat both conditions effectively.
Does breastfeeding help prevent cradle cap?
Breastfeeding does not directly prevent cradle cap, but the nutrients in breast milk support overall skin health. Applying a small amount of breast milk to the affected area may help soothe irritation and support healing.
How can I make teething easier at night?
Teething pain can be worse at night. Offering a cold teething ring or gently massaging your baby’s gums can help. If your baby is very unsettled, infant paracetamol (in the correct dosage) may provide relief. Keeping a bedtime routine can also help distract and calm your baby.
What if my baby’s nasal congestion causes difficulty feeding?
Babies breathe through their noses while feeding, so congestion can make feeding difficult. Using a saline spray before feeds and feeding in an upright position can help. If your baby refuses to feed or struggles to breathe, seek medical advice.
Can nappy rash lead to an infection?
Yes, severe nappy rash that is left untreated can lead to a bacterial or fungal infection. Signs of infection include blisters, pus, swelling, and fever. If you notice these symptoms, consult a doctor, as your baby may need antibiotic or antifungal treatment.
How do I know if my baby’s cradle cap is infected?
Cradle cap is normally harmless, but if the area becomes red, swollen, oozes pus, or has an unpleasant smell, it could indicate an infection. A doctor may prescribe a medicated shampoo or cream if needed.
Can formula-fed babies get oral thrush?
Yes, oral thrush can occur in both breastfed and formula-fed babies. It is important to sterilise bottles, dummies, and teats regularly to prevent the growth of the Candida fungus.
Is baby acne linked to allergies?
No, baby acne is not caused by allergies. It is linked to hormonal changes after birth and usually clears up within a few weeks. If your baby develops a rash with swelling, excessive redness, or breathing difficulties, seek medical attention, as these could be signs of an allergic reaction.
Can I use essential oils to treat teething pain or cradle cap?
Essential oils are not recommended for babies under three months and should always be diluted and used with caution. Some oils can irritate sensitive skin. Olive oil or coconut oil are gentler alternatives for cradle cap, while cold teething rings or a clean damp cloth are safer for teething relief.
Does baby acne mean my child will have acne later in life?
No, baby acne is caused by pregnancy hormones and does not predict whether a child will have teenage or adult acne. It usually disappears within a few weeks without leaving scars.
Should I let my baby sleep in a steamy room if they have nasal congestion?
No, direct exposure to excessive steam is not recommended, as it can make it harder for babies to regulate their body temperature. Instead, holding your baby in a steamy bathroom for a few minutes or using a cool-mist humidifier in their room can help.
Can I prevent nappy rash by using cloth nappies?
Both cloth and disposable nappies can lead to nappy rash if they are not changed frequently. If using cloth nappies, ensure they are washed thoroughly, rinsed well, and completely dried before use. A barrier cream is still recommended for protection.
Are there any home remedies for oral thrush?
Oral thrush requires medical treatment, but some parents find that offering plain yoghurt (if the baby is old enough to eat solids) or a probiotic may help restore gut balance. Always consult a doctor before trying home remedies.
How do I know if my baby’s teething symptoms are something more serious?
Teething symptoms like drooling, chewing, and mild irritability are normal. However, if your baby has a high fever (above 38°C), persistent diarrhoea, vomiting, or extreme fussiness, these could indicate an infection rather than teething. If unsure, always check with a doctor.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace medical advice. If you are concerned about your baby’s health, consult a paediatrician or healthcare professional.
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