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preschooler

Child growth and development milestones, activities to do with kids, discipline techniques and positive parenting tips for raising children.

How to treat health concerns like blood noses, colds and flu, fevers and gastro in children.

How Independent Is Your Child? Take the Quiz
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Premium How Independent Is Your Child? Take the Quiz

by BabyYumYum
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Every child develops independence at their own pace but some everyday habits can reveal just how confident and capable they are becoming. From making simple choices to solving little problems there are plenty of signs that show growing independence. You may be surprised by what your child is already able to do on their own. Take the quiz to see how independent your child really is and discover where they may be ready for the next step.

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6 Ways to Build Your Child’s Immunity
ExpertsToddler HealthToddlers

Expert 6 Ways to Build Your Child’s Immunity

by Dr Maraschin, expert paediatrician
written by Dr Maraschin, expert paediatrician

Keeping children healthy can feel like a constant challenge, especially during cold and flu season. Many parents want to support their child’s immune system without relying on quick fixes. Knowing how to build your child’s immunity starts with everyday habits that support the body naturally over time. With consistent routines and realistic choices, immune health becomes part of daily life rather than something to worry about only when illness strikes.

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Our modern society and the advances in medicine ensure that children have a much better chance of survival when faced with a dreaded disease or an aggressive infection. On the flipside, however, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of children developing asthma, eczema, Crohn’s disease, leukaemia, autoimmune diseases and food allergies.

We live in a world where most children live in cities, are exposed to pollution and eat processed or genetically modified food. These factors all play a role in the long-term health of your child and are certainly contributors to the list of modern diseases that plague our youth.

That said, there are certainly things that parents and caregivers can do to slow the tide and conquer the odds of this phenomenon.

A lot of people have probably heard of the “hygiene hypothesis”, but for those who are not familiar with it, let me give a brief description.

What is the hygiene hypothesis?

Our immune system begins to work the moment we are born. Its function is to recognise germs that are harmful to us and that lead to disease. In order for the immune system to develop such a skill, it needs to be exposed to a variety of antigens living in our environment.

The hygiene hypothesis, therefore, suggests that avoiding environments which challenge the immune system from an early age actually contributes to immune illnesses such as asthma.

If a child is not exposed to antigens, their immune system will not know how to react when it comes into contact with germs (bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi) or environmental particles (pollen, grass, mould, animal hair or animal saliva).

A child raised in a highly sanitised home, where all kinds of antibacterial cleaning products have been used, may have an extreme response to healthy antigens simply because their immune system doesn’t know how to respond appropriately.

The hygiene hypothesis, therefore, suggests that avoiding environments which challenge the immune system from an early age actually contributes to immune illnesses such as asthma. The same goes for food allergies.

In the past, it was suggested that parents avoid giving babies certain foods for fear of allergic reactions. Recent studies have shown that by avoiding certain foods, we are actually making the food allergy situation worse.

ALSO READ: Good Handwashing Habits Are Essential to Your Hygiene

What can parents do to encourage a strong immune system and a healthier child?

  1. Breastfeeding is the first step a parent can take to prime their child’s immunity. Good microbes are passed from mom to baby through the milk and through skin-to-skin contact.
  1. It is not necessary to over-sterilise. Between 17 and 26 weeks, a baby begins eating solids and often puts objects into their mouth. At this stage, it is acceptable to rinse a fallen dummy in some clean water rather than leaving it to soak for hours in a sterilising solution.
  1. Washing hands with soap and water remains essential for good health. The overuse of hand sanitiser is unnecessary. Antibacterial products also affect good bacteria that are needed for a healthy immune system. 
  1. Allow your child to play outside. Getting dirty is such fun and is certainly a vital part of learning and experiencing the world. Over and above this, the organisms found in good soil and vegetation expose your child to healthy microbes and stimulate the immune system. Besides immunity, outdoor play increases a child’s fitness levels and is a wonderful way for your child to receive vitamin D, which is vital for healthy bones and general wellness.
  1. BabyYumYum - Build your child’s immunityHaving pets and allowing your child to interact with the furry family member will also introduce a variety of microbes. Ensuring your pet is dewormed and parasite-free is, of course, essential, but pets introduce additional stimuli for the immune system.

Even better is to take weekend breaks to working farms where your child can experience farm life first-hand and be exposed to some healthy microbes. There is a very interesting study that looked at asthma in Amish children. These children live very traditional lives, interacting with farm animals and playing outdoors. Of the 30 children studied, not a single child had asthma.

  1. Baby Yum Yum - What parents can do to encourage a strong immune system and a healthier childEnsure that your child experiences a wide variety of foods. Babies begin eating solid food around the age of 17 weeks. Colour, texture and all the food groups will ensure that your child receives all the nutrients required for a healthy immunity and prevents food allergies.

Exercise caution if there is a known allergy to certain foods in the family. There are guidelines to follow for the introduction of foods that commonly cause allergies, but foods should not be avoided unless indicated.

CHECK OUT: The Truth About Food Allergies in Kids

There is an ever-increasing number of children on treatment for asthma, ADHD, diabetes, depression and a host of other illnesses. We live in a very fast-paced world and children are often spending less than 30 minutes a day playing freely in the outdoors. Indoor time in front of some form of electronic device is often as high as six hours a day and it has consequences for our children’s health.

While no medical person would suggest living in a dirty environment or not taking necessary precautions to guard against sources of infection, it is safe to say that if we want to stimulate immunity and reduce the incidence of chronic diseases, then we, as parents, can take steps to do so.

A happy medium which allows children to play, explore and experience the world around may be the key to happier, healthier children. So, kick off your shoes and take your child outside.

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Why Winter Comfort Foods Matter More Than Parents Think
Toddler FeedingExpertsPre-schooler FeedingPre-schoolersToddlers

Expert Why Winter Comfort Foods Matter More Than Parents Think

by Natasha MacDonald, , Dietitian at Nutripaeds & The Little Feeding Collective
written by Natasha MacDonald, , Dietitian at Nutripaeds & The Little Feeding Collective

Cold weather has a way of changing what children want to eat and how they want to feel at home. Suddenly, warm pasta, soup, mashed potatoes and cosy family meals become the foods they ask for most. Winter comfort foods often provide far more than physical warmth during colder months. For many children, these familiar meals are connected to routine, emotional safety, family closeness and the feeling of being cared for after long winter days.

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As the temperature drops, many parents notice subtle shifts in their children’s eating habits. Suddenly, the crisp apple in the lunchbox comes home untouched, while warm toast disappears in seconds. Requests for creamy pasta, hot chocolate, buttery porridge and baked treats become more frequent. While this is often dismissed as “winter cravings,” there is actually a deeper emotional and biological reason behind it.

Winter changes the way children experience comfort.

Colder weather naturally slows the body down. Days are darker, routines become more indoor-based and children often feel emotionally flat, less active or more tired without even realising it. Food becomes more than fuel during this season; it becomes warmth, routine, safety and sensory comfort. Children may instinctively gravitate towards foods that feel soft, warm, creamy and predictable because these foods create a sense of calm and security.

This is especially true during winter, after long school days, cold sports practices or emotionally overwhelming days. A bowl of warm noodles or buttery mash can feel deeply comforting to a child’s nervous system, much like a blanket, heater or cuddle. It is natural for children to turn to warm, comforting foods at this time of year, just as adults often do. 

Food is closely linked to feelings of warmth, safety, care and connection, so craving hearty, soothing meals during colder months is a very human response. Rather than viewing comfort eating as simply a “bad habit,” it can be more helpful to understand it as a way that children seek comfort and regulate themselves during times when they feel cold, tired, stressed or emotionally stretched. Parents can support this by offering nourishing, comforting options that work well for colder days, helping to meet both a child’s need for comfort and their nutritional needs. The key is learning how to offer emotional comfort and nourishment together.

Instead of focusing only on vegetables or “healthy swaps,” winter is an opportunity to think about the experience of food. Children eat with all their senses, especially during colder months. Warmth, smell, texture and colour matter just as much as nutrition.

ALSO READ: How to guarantee your children eat all their veggies

Why Winter Comfort Foods Matter More Than Parents Think

For example, many children reject vegetables in winter because cold, crunchy foods feel less appealing to the body. Rather than forcing salads, parents can transform those same nutrients into softer, warming meals. Roast carrots until caramelised and sweet, stir spinach into cheesy rice, blend white beans into creamy soups or add grated vegetables into fluffy savoury muffins. Children are far more likely to accept nourishing foods when they feel emotionally comforted first.

One surprisingly effective winter strategy is creating “slow food moments” rather than just meals. A mug of warm milk before bed, soup served in a favourite cup, or a hot meal versus a sandwich shared after school can become regulating rituals for children. These small food moments often nourish emotional wellbeing more deeply than parents realise.

Winter is also the season when sugary treats become more tempting. Children naturally seek quick-energy foods when they are tired, cold or emotionally depleted, which is why biscuits, sugary cereals, desserts or chocolate can become daily habits during colder months. Rather than banning these foods, parents can offer warm alternatives that still feel comforting and satisfying.

Try baked oats with banana and cinnamon instead of sugary muffins, or warm apple slices with peanut butter instead of biscuits. Homemade hot chocolate made with milk and cocoa provides warmth while also offering calcium and energy. Pancakes made with oats and mashed banana can feel just as comforting as desserts, especially when served warm with yoghurt and berries.

Other nourishing winter favourites include buttery sweet potato mash, toasted crumpets with melted nut butter, freshly made popcorn, mini homemade pot pies, cheesy scrambled eggs on toast or soft banana bread served slightly warm after school. Even simple foods like roasted corn, baked potatoes or a warm pita with hummus can become deeply comforting for children during winter.

TAKE A LOOK AT: Free South African Winter Colouring Pages for Kids

Parents can also think beyond ingredients and focus on atmosphere. Warm lighting, shared meals, soups simmering on the stove and predictable snack times all contribute to the emotional comfort children are often seeking through food.

Importantly, avoid labelling foods as “good” or “bad” during winter. If children sense guilt around comforting foods, they may become more emotionally attached to them. Instead, think in terms of balance: adding nourishment rather than restricting comfort. Macaroni and cheese can still contain peas, chicken or blended butternut. Hot desserts can still provide fibre, protein and healthy fats.

At its heart, winter eating is about more than nutrients. It is about helping children feel safe, soothed, connected and cared for. The meals children remember most are rarely the perfectly balanced ones; they are the meals that made them feel warm in every sense of the word.

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Managing Mealtime Anxiety and Picky Eating When Mealtimes Become a Fight
Toddler FeedingExpertsPre-schooler FeedingPre-schoolersToddlers

Expert Managing Mealtime Anxiety and Picky Eating When Mealtimes Become a Fight

by Kath Megaw, clinical dietitian and founder of Nutripaeds
written by Kath Megaw, clinical dietitian and founder of Nutripaeds

Mealtimes are meant to bring families together, but for many parents, they quickly turn into stressful stand-offs. Refused food, frustration and worry can take the joy out of eating. When mealtimes become a fight, managing mealtime anxiety and picky eating becomes an important part of restoring calm and connection at the table. With the right approach, it is possible to shift from daily battles to more relaxed, positive mealtime experiences for everyone.

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There is a moment many parents recognise, but few talk about honestly.

You’ve made the meal. You’ve tried to think of something “balanced”. You’ve cut it into shapes, added a dip, maybe even negotiated a “just one bite”. Still, your child refuses, cries, throws the food or simply sits there unmoved.

And suddenly, what should have been nourishment becomes tension.

If this is your reality, I want to start here: nothing has gone wrong. Not with your child. Not with your parenting.

Because picky eating, food refusal, and mealtime anxiety are not signs of failure, they are often signs of development.

Why mealtimes feel so hard

From a science perspective, children are wired to be cautious eaters.

Between roughly 18 months and 6 years, many children enter a phase called food neophobia, a natural reluctance to try new foods. This is not stubbornness. It’s an evolutionary safety mechanism. In simple terms: “If I don’t know it, I don’t trust it.”

At the same time, your child is developing autonomy. Food becomes one of the first areas where they realise: I can say no.

Add to that:

  • Sensory sensitivity (texture, smell, temperature)
  • Emotional state (tired, overstimulated, rushed)
  • Pressure at the table

…and suddenly eating is no longer about hunger. It becomes about control, safety, and connection.

The part we don’t say out loud

Often, the anxiety at the table is not just the child’s, it’s the parent’s too.

You’re thinking:

  • “Are they getting enough nutrients?”
  • “Why won’t they eat what I made?”
  • “What if this becomes a long-term problem?”

And that anxiety is completely valid.

But here’s the shift that changes everything: Children don’t eat well when they feel pressured. They eat well when they feel safe.

Reframing your role at the table

One of the most evidence-based frameworks we have comes from the Division of Responsibility model.

It sounds simple, but it’s powerful:

  • You decide what is offered, when it’s offered, and where it’s eaten.
  • Your child decides whether to eat and how much.

That’s it.

Not “just one bite.”

Not “you can have dessert if you finish.”

Not negotiating three alternative meals.

This approach works because it reduces pressure and pressure is one of the biggest drivers of picky eating.

Practical handles (that actually work in real life)

Let’s make this tangible.

  1. Always include a “safe food”

At each meal, offer at least one food your child usually accepts. This could be rice, bread, fruit, or a familiar protein. It lowers anxiety because your child knows there is something they can eat.

  1. Think exposure, not intake.

It can take 10–15 exposures for a child to accept a new food. Exposure counts even if they:

  • Touch it
  • Smell it
  • Lick it
  • Ignore it completely

Progress is not measured in bites. It’s measured in familiarity.

  1. Keep the table emotionally neutral

Easier said than done, I know. But try to avoid:

  • Praising eating (“Good girl for eating your broccoli!”)
  • Criticising refusal (“You never try anything”)

Both create pressure. Aim for calm, consistent presence.

  1. Structure is your friend

Children regulate their appetite best when meals are predictable:

  • 3 meals + 2–3 snacks per day
  • Water between meals
  • Avoid grazing all day

If a child arrives at the table slightly hungry (not starving), they are far more likely to engage.

  1. Watch the “after-meal rescue”

If a child refuses dinner and is then offered something else 30 minutes later, they learn quickly: I don’t have to eat this meal.

Instead, gently hold the boundary. The next opportunity to eat is the next planned snack or meal.

What about the child who really struggles?

Some children need more support, especially those with sensory sensitivities, neurodivergence, or previous feeding difficulties.

In these cases, picky eating is not just behavioural, it’s neurological and sensory.

These children benefit from:

  • Lower-pressure environments
  • Gradual food chaining (linking new foods to accepted ones)
  • Support from a multidisciplinary team (dietitian, OT, speech therapist)

And most importantly: understanding, not force.

The bigger picture

Your child’s relationship with food is being shaped right now not just by what they eat, but by how it feels to eat.

Do they feel:

  • Safe?
  • Seen?
  • Allowed to listen to their body?

Or do they feel:

  • Pressured?
  • Watched?
  • Controlled?

Because long-term, those emotional associations matter just as much as nutrients.

A final word for you

If mealtimes feel like a battle, it doesn’t mean you’re losing.

It means you’re in a season where your child is learning independence, and you are learning how to guide without controlling.

That’s not easy. But if you can shift the table from a place of pressure to a place of connection, you will start to see something remarkable:

Not perfect eating.

Not instant change.

But gradual trust.

And from trust eating grows.

You are doing better than you think.

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Overcoming Childhood Speech Impediments
Pre-schoolersChildren's HealthDevelopmentExpertsToddler HealthToddlers

Expert Overcoming Childhood Speech Impediments

by Anna-Bet Stemmet, South African bilingual (Afrikaans/English) Writer, Translator and Copywriter
written by Anna-Bet Stemmet, South African bilingual (Afrikaans/English) Writer, Translator and Copywriter

Learning to speak is a complex process and for some children it does not come easily. When words sound different, or speech feels effortful, frustration and self-doubt can quickly follow. Childhood speech impediments are more common than many parents realise and often improve with the right support and patience. Understanding what is happening and responding early can help children feel heard, capable and confident as their communication skills grow.

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Speech impediments can make it hard for children to express themselves. We investigate the most common speech impediments as well as the symptoms, diagnosis and treatments.

Communication is a vital part of our lives. It helps us connect, express our thoughts, and learn about the world around us. However, some children may experience challenges in speaking clearly due to speech impediments. It’s important to understand that it isn’t done on purpose.

“The good news is that speech impediments are common issues that can be understood and supported with the right information and care. There is also a variety of things that parents can do at home to help their children in this regard,” says Anina Hardcastle, long-time teacher and after-care professional at Kammaland in Malmesbury, Western Cape.

Let’s take a look at five of the most common speech impediments, what causes them, their symptoms, how they are diagnosed, the available professional treatments, and what parents can do at home.

Stuttering

Stuttering happens when a child’s speech flow gets stuck. They might repeat sounds or words, pause for too long, or stretch out sounds. This type of speech impediment can be caused by a variety of factors, such as genes, brain differences and how the brain processes speech and language. It can also worsen with anxiety or in pressured environments and situations.

Symptoms:

  • Repeating sounds or words (e.g., “I-I-I want that toy.”)
  • Getting stuck on a sound (e.g., “C-c-c-can I play?”)
  • Long pauses in speech
  • Tense facial expressions while talking

Diagnosis & treatment:

A speech therapist can help diagnose stuttering. They might play games and talk with the child to understand how they speak. Treatment can include special exercises, games, and practice to make talking smoother. The goal is to relieve anxiety and make talking feel easier and less stressful.

Articulation disorders

Articulation is how we make speech sounds using our lips, tongue, and teeth. Kids with articulation disorders have trouble saying certain sounds or words correctly. Sometimes, the muscles needed for speech aren’t quite ready yet. It’s like learning to ride a bike – it takes practice!

Symptoms:

  • Replacing sounds with others (e.g., saying “wabbit” instead of “rabbit”)
  • Dropping sounds from words (e.g., “cat” becomes “ca”)
  • Mixing up sounds in words (e.g., “gog” instead of “dog”)

Diagnosis & treatment:

A speech therapist can check which sounds are hard for the child and help them practice those sounds correctly. Games and fun activities can make it feel like play while improving speech.

Language disorders

Language helps us share thoughts and ideas. Children with language disorders struggle with understanding, speaking, or both. This type of speech impediment can be caused by a variety of factors, like genetics, brain differences and not being around much talking when they were young.

Symptoms:

  • Trouble finding the right words
  • Difficulty understanding what others say
  • Making sentences that are too short or confusing

Diagnosis & treatment:

A speech therapist can evaluate how the child talks, listens, and understands words. They might play games or talk to the child to figure out the best way to help. Treatment could include games, books, and conversations to make language learning fun.

Apraxia of speech

Apraxia of speech happens when the brain struggles to coordinate the muscles used for speech. Kids with this may have a hard time saying sounds, syllables, and words. It’s not fully known what causes apraxia, but it’s not because a child is lazy or not trying.

Symptoms:

  • Making inconsistent speech errors
  • Difficulty saying longer words
  • Pausing between sounds

Diagnosis & treatment:

A speech therapist can diagnose apraxia by seeing how the child says different sounds and words. Treatment involves practising sounds and words in a slow and steady way. With practice, speaking can become clearer.

CLICK HERE FOR MORE on Dyslexia

Voice disorders

Voice disorders affect how our voices sound. Children with these disorders might have trouble controlling the pitch, volume, or quality of their voices. Voice disorders can be caused by things like using the voice too much, allergies, or even just how the voice box works.

Symptoms:

  • Speaking too softly or loudly all the time
  • Having a rough or hoarse voice
  • Voice breaks or cuts out

Diagnosis & treatment:

A speech therapist can listen to the child’s voice and see how they talk. They might advise on how to care for the voice and exercises to make it stronger. Resting the voice and drinking water can also help.

ALSO READ Speech & hearing development

What parents can do at home to help

While professional help from a speech therapist is valuable, there are also home support options available for parents who might be facing financial constraints. Let’s explore some practical ways to help your child with speech difficulties at home, without breaking the bank. Stuttering in children

Practice, patience & encouragement. Being patient and understanding with your child is key. Give them the time they need to express themselves. Encourage them to speak by showing interest in their stories and ideas. Your positive attitude can boost their confidence and motivation to communicate.

Reading time is learning time. Reading aloud to your child is a fantastic way to improve their language skills. Choose books that have clear and repetitive words. Point to the words as you read and ask your child to repeat after you. This can help them practice articulating different sounds.

Play fun language games. Games like “Simon Says,” rhyming games, and “I Spy” can be both entertaining and educational. These games encourage your child to listen carefully and practice speaking in a relaxed setting.

Sing songs together. Singing songs with catchy tunes can be an enjoyable way to enhance your child’s speech. Songs often emphasise sounds and syllables, helping your child practice different speech patterns.

Create a supportive environment. Ensure your home is a comfortable place for your child to communicate. Avoid interrupting them when they’re speaking and provide ample opportunities for them to express themselves without feeling rushed.

Mimic & repeat. If your child mispronounces a word, gently repeat the word back to them correctly. Children often learn by imitating, and this simple technique can help them learn the right way to say words.

Record & playback. With smartphones or simple recording devices, you can record your child’s speech and play it back to them. This lets them hear their own voice, which can aid in identifying areas that need improvement.

Use visual aids. Create flashcards with images and words that your child finds challenging. Seeing the words alongside the images can help them associate the correct sounds with the corresponding objects.

Regular conversations. Have meaningful conversations with your child. Talk about their day, interests, and experiences. This helps build their vocabulary and encourages them to communicate more effectively.

Provide positive feedback. When your child makes progress, celebrate their achievements. Positive reinforcement can boost their self-esteem and motivation to keep working on their speech.

Celebrate effort, not perfection. Remember that progress takes time. Focus on the effort your child puts into improving their speech, rather than perfection. Small steps forward are important achievements. It’s all about practice to form new habits.

By incorporating these simple and affordable strategies into your daily routine, you can provide meaningful support and help them overcome speech impediments. Remember, your encouragement and love are the most important resources you can provide on this journey of improvement.

“If you notice any of these common speech challenges in your child, remember it’s not their fault. A speech therapist can help diagnose the issue and work with them to improve their communication skills. With a little patience and practice, parents can also help their children to develop clearer and more confident speech, allowing them to connect and express themselves with greater ease,” Anina encourages.

READ Signs your child needs to see an audiologist or speech therapist

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Why Balancing Academics With Play Matters More Than Marks
School-Age ChildrenMembers-OnlyPre-schoolers

Premium Why Balancing Academics With Play Matters

by Ally Cohen, Content Creator and Digital Marketer
written by Ally Cohen, Content Creator and Digital Marketer

In a world obsessed with results, it is easy to forget that learning is more than grades on a report. Understanding why balancing academics with play matters more than marks helps parents see how creativity, movement and downtime support confidence and emotional growth. Children who are given space to play often cope better with pressure and stay curious for longer. Play builds skills that marks cannot measure, like resilience, problem solving and joy. Sometimes the best academic support looks nothing like studying.

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‘Foot and Mouth’ Vs ‘Hand, Foot and Mouth’ Disease: What’s The Difference?
Children's HealthIn The NewsLifestylePre-schoolers

‘Foot and Mouth’ Vs ‘Hand, Foot and Mouth’ Disease: What’s The Difference?

by Press Release
written by Press Release

When news reports mention outbreaks, it is easy for panic to spread before facts do. ‘Foot and mouth’ vs ‘hand, foot and mouth’ disease may sound similar, but they are actually different. One affects livestock, while the other is a common childhood viral illness. Knowing the distinction can quickly replace fear with clarity.

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Following South Africa’s declaration of foot and mouth disease (FMD) as a national disaster in February 2026, there has been intensified public attention on the outbreak affecting livestock across parts of the country. There have been a number of South Africans who have confused this with the common childhood illness, ‘hand, foot and mouth’ disease, resulting in widespread panic and misinformation.

It’s important to note that the two diseases are not related, despite the similarity to one another and the current outbreak poses no public health risk to humans.

Dr Themba Hadebe, Clinical Executive at Bonitas Medical Fund, says understanding the distinction is key.

“When a disease affecting animals shares part of its name with a human illness, it is easy for people to assume the worst. The current foot and mouth disease outbreak affects livestock only and does not pose a risk to human health. Clarifying this helps families respond appropriately and prevents unnecessary worry or medical visits.”

ALSO READ:  Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments (Essential Guide + 10 Facts)

The Difference Between the Two Diseases

Foot and mouth disease affects cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, sheep and pigs. It is a highly contagious viral disease within animal populations and is managed through veterinary controls, movement restrictions and vaccination programmes. Its impact is agricultural and economic, not human.

Hand, foot and mouth disease, by contrast, is a viral infection that affects people, most often young children. Typically caused by coxsackievirus, it spreads through close contact in settings such as homes and schools. Symptoms may include mild fever, mouth sores and a rash on the hands and feet. Most cases are self-limiting and resolve with supportive care.

There is no crossover between the two viruses in this context and the livestock outbreak does not increase the risk of hand, foot and mouth disease in communities.

“Heightened media coverage has contributed a lot to the uncertainty, especially in an environment where information circulates rapidly across social platforms,” says Hadebe.

“Part of caring for our members is helping them interpret health developments accurately and this means providing access to clear, evidence-based information. This enables people to make appropriate decisions about when medical care is required and when reassurance is sufficient,” he continues.

When to Get Help

Parents and caregivers should seek medical advice if a child develops symptoms consistent with hand, foot and mouth disease, especially persistent fever, signs of dehydration or unusual lethargy. However, precautionary medical visits are not necessary in response to the livestock outbreak alone.

While the foot and mouth disease outbreak remains a serious issue for the agricultural sector and the broader economy, it does not constitute a human health emergency.

‘Foot and Mouth’ Vs ‘Hand, Foot and Mouth’ Disease: What’s The Difference?

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Bokdrolletjies and Chipolatas: Why Talking About Poo Matters More Than Parents Realise
Children's HealthExpertsPre-schoolersToddler HealthToddlers

Expert Bokdrolletjies and Chipolatas: Why Talking About Poo Matters More Than Parents Realise

by Dr Yentl Gamiet , Paediatric Surgeon
written by Dr Yentl Gamiet , Paediatric Surgeon

For something everybody does, it is surprising how uncomfortable it still feels to mention it out loud. Talking about poo is often avoided, laughed off or rushed past, even though it can reveal important clues about health and wellbeing. When families become more open and relaxed about talking about poo, they create space for better communication, earlier intervention and healthier habits without shame.

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Why getting comfortable speaking about poo is more important now than ever, and why days like National Poop Day in the USA are VERY important.

The Giver – Lois Lowry

“The worst part of holding the memories is not the pain. It’s the loneliness.”

I cannot remember an exact moment or patient encounter that made me realise that managing constipation is really important work. The privilege of sharing a seven-year-old’s story and being able to offer safety without judgement feels like sacred work. Most of the time, parents and caregivers also have the big job of self-reflection and perspective change. Even with great outcomes, these struggles capture mental real estate, and that is even before engaging the village. IT’S A LOT!

There are few opportunities in healthcare to address family wellbeing, like delving into the topics of constipation and gut health. Poop is essentially a scientific marker for health. Poop is also a screening tool for stress. The mental health burden associated with untreated constipation is scary.

A point of entry is daunting if you surrender to the stigma that surrounds many subjects that should just be “biology”. Poop is difficult to rebrand, but it is essential to bravely embrace the challenge. We need to charge our rescue boats against the current of destructive societal taboos to extract children from the islands of discomfort and shame they find themselves on.

Is there a better way to do it than within a bedazzled vessel of joy, complete with a standout soundtrack?

My experience with even the littlest bambino is that we universally underestimate their capacity to understand and process information, but we also underestimate the onslaught of information they’re already exposed to. This underestimation in itself is dangerous, but combined with a lack of a comparable response or effort to assist in the processing of this information, it demands that we prioritise the destigmatisation of conversations about poop (and a myriad of awkward topics).

Why shame is dangerous (especially around poo)

  1. Children hide symptoms

When poo is treated as embarrassing or “naughty”, this delays diagnosis and makes treatment more difficult because:

  • Children don’t report pain, bleeding, or difficulty
  • Accidents are hidden
  • Caregivers only notice when constipation is severe

  1. Withholding becomes a learned behaviour

Intentional stool withholding is most commonly reported in potty-training–aged children. Before the age of voluntary control, which ranges from eighteen to twenty-four months, what may appear to be behavioural issues with straining and discomfort in younger children usually relate to issues with maturity and coordination.

Hard stool can create a continuum of discomfort, predisposing to intentional stool withholding. Stool withholding:

  • Stretches the rectum
  • Reduces sensation over time
  • Worsens constipation and soiling
  • Creates a vicious cycle that can last years

This is a well-recognised mechanism in functional constipation. The cycle is often referred to euphemistically as “the constipation carousel”.

A wonderful resource is the Instagram page Stool Withholding Help, created by Dr Kate McGarry (a psychologist who is creatively passionate about the subject), a bona fide member of the Poop tribe, of which I am a proud card-holding member.

  1. Accidents become punishment, not symptoms

Children are reprimanded for something they cannot control. Soiling is often misinterpreted as:

  • Laziness
  • Bad behaviour
  • Defiance

  1. Psychological harm accumulates

The effects of unaddressed constipation can persist even after bowel symptoms improve. Children who feel ashamed about bowel problems are more likely to develop:

  • Anxiety
  • Low self-esteem
  • Social withdrawal
  • School avoidance

  1. Families delay seeking help

Lack of access to trusted information may result in a delay in seeking help. Parents may:

  • Normalise severe symptoms
  • Feel embarrassed to raise concerns
  • Wait until complications occur

  1. The management of complicated constipation can be medically traumatic

Disimpaction is the process of “unblocking” the intestines medically once the constipation carousel has gone through a cycle or two. It is very difficult to get around hospital admissions and enemas. By the time children are admitted to the hospital for disimpaction, they have often had multiple attempts at disimpaction (from homemade remedies, traditional healers, and GPs). This is just a function of the workflow and referral framework of our healthcare system — not a condemnation. Children and their caregivers can show symptoms of post-traumatic stress around the administration of enemas.

  1. Shame worsens health inequities

Silence amplifies vulnerability. Children are most affected when shame overlaps with:

  • poverty or overcrowding
  • limited toilet access
  • cultural taboos
  • school environments where toilet use is restricted

Normalising poop talk improves early detection, reduces fear and withholding, improves treatment adherence, and restores dignity and bodily autonomy. Shame turns a common, treatable problem into a hidden and chronic one. Open conversations are a form of prevention.

National Poop Day carries this objective of destigmatisation at its heart. It’s a day with mysterious origins, with no links to international human rights organisations or major research, but something that sprouted organically from members of this Poop tribe — a motley crew aboard a bedazzled ship.

ALSO READ: Your child’s poo: what’s normal and what’s not

References

  1. Yvonne McCague, Katie Hill, Eileen Furlong, Suja Somanadhan, The psychosocial impact of childhood constipation on the children and family: A scoping review, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, Volume 82,2025, Pages e142-e163, ISSN 0882-5963, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2025.04.007.
  2. https://www.instagram.com/stoolwithholdinghelp?igsh=MTFlMXpmY2QweXV4NA==
  3. https://www.instagram.com/pooandtheloo?igsh=MTB3OHVwcnE5b3pkeA==
  4. https://www.pelvicfloorphysio.co.za/

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What’s Normal: Separation Anxiety at School Drop-Off Explained
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Tears at the school gate? Clingy goodbyes and wobbly mornings are more common than you think especially in the early weeks of a new term. Separation anxiety is a normal part of child development, but that doesn’t make it easy on parents or little ones. Whether it's your child's first time at nursery or just a rough morning, knowing what’s typical and what might need more support can make all the difference. Want to feel more prepared and help your child feel safe and settled? Here’s what you need to know about separation anxiety and how to ease those tough drop-offs.

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South African School Calendar 2026: Term Dates, Holidays and What Parents Need to Know
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South African School Calendar 2026: Term Dates, Holidays and What Parents Need to Know

by BabyYumYum
written by BabyYumYum

The South African school calendar 2026 plays a bigger role in family life than many parents realise. It shapes holidays, work planning, childcare arrangements and even household routines. Knowing the key dates early allows families to plan ahead with less stress and fewer surprises. With the South African school calendar 2026, preparation becomes a practical parenting tool rather than a last-minute scramble.

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Planning a family year around school terms can feel overwhelming, especially when juggling work schedules, childcare, school commitments and holiday planning. Knowing the South African school calendar well in advance helps parents make better decisions, avoid last-minute stress and plan time off more confidently. The 2026 school calendar introduces familiar term structures, national public holidays and one important additional school holiday that parents should take note of. Whether your child attends a public school or an independent school, understanding how the 2026 academic year is structured will help you stay organised and prepared.

How the South African School Year Is Structured in 2026

Public schools in South Africa follow a four-term academic year, as set out by the Department of Basic Education. The 2026 calendar maintains this structure, with schools opening in January and closing in December. The academic year is carefully designed to meet minimum teaching time requirements while allowing for national public holidays and school breaks.

Independent schools, including the Independent Schools Association of Southern Africa (ISASA) and the Southern African Heads of Independent Schools Association (SAHISA) schools, may follow either a four-term or three-term calendar. While many independent schools align closely with public school dates, their term structures and holiday periods can differ slightly, which is why parents should always confirm dates directly with their child’s school.

Public School Term Dates for 2026

The 2026 public school year begins in mid-January and is divided into four terms, each separated by a holiday break.

Term 1 starts on Wednesday, 14 January and ends on Friday, 27 March. This is the longest opening term and sets the pace for the year, running for approximately eleven weeks.

Term 2 begins on Wednesday, 8 April and concludes on Friday, 26 June. This term includes several public holidays and leads into the mid-year winter break.

Term 3 starts on Tuesday, 21 July and ends on Wednesday, 23 September. This is a slightly shorter term and often coincides with exam preparation and assessments for older learners.

Term 4 begins on Tuesday, 6 October and runs until early December. Schools may close on Wednesday, 9 December or Friday, 11 December, depending on internal administration days and provincial arrangements.

Across the year, public schools will complete approximately 200 to 204 actual teaching days, which meet national education requirements.

School Holidays in 2026 and What Parents Should Expect

School holidays are built around term breaks and public holidays. These breaks are essential for rest, recovery and family time, but they also require planning for working parents.

The long December holiday runs from mid-December 2025 into mid-January 2026, with schools reopening on 14 January. This is followed by an autumn break at the end of March, a winter break at the end of June, a spring break in September and the year-end holiday in December.

One of the most important updates in the 2026 calendar is the special school holiday on Monday, 15 June 2026. This additional day falls just before Youth Day on 16 June, creating a longer mid-June break for public school learners. This is particularly helpful for families planning short holidays or needing additional childcare arrangements.

Public Holidays That Affect the 2026 School Year

Several national public holidays fall during school terms and affect attendance. Parents should be aware of these when planning work schedules and family commitments.

Key public holidays during the school year include Human Rights Day on 21 March, Good Friday on 3 April, Family Day on 6 April, Freedom Day on 27 April, Workers’ Day on 1 May, Youth Day on 16 June, National Women’s Day on 9 August with the observed public holiday on 10 August, Heritage Day on 24 September and the Day of Reconciliation on 16 December.

The special school holiday on 15 June applies to public schools only and was introduced to support learners and educators during the winter term.

Independent School Calendars in 2026

Independent schools do not follow a single national calendar, which means dates can vary significantly between schools. ISASA and SAHISA schools may operate on a four-term or three-term structure, depending on their educational model.

Many four-term independent schools begin the year around mid-January and finish earlier in December than public schools. Three-term schools often have longer terms with shorter breaks and may include Saturday school days to meet academic requirements.

Parents with children in independent schools should always confirm exact term dates, half-term breaks and public holiday observances directly with the school to avoid confusion.

Why the School Calendar Matters More Than You Think

The school calendar does more than outline term dates. It influences family routines, childcare planning, work leave, travel costs and even children’s emotional wellbeing. Knowing when breaks fall helps parents spread leave more evenly across the year, avoid peak travel periods and plan rest time around demanding school terms. For children, predictable breaks support better adjustment and help prevent burnout, especially for older learners facing academic pressure. The rhythm of the school year plays a quiet but powerful role in family life.

Tips for Parents Planning Around the 2026 School Year

Early planning makes a significant difference. Booking holiday programmes, childcare or travel well in advance often reduces costs and stress. Parents should also factor in public holidays that fall mid-week, as these can disrupt normal routines. It is helpful to note that school closing dates in December may vary slightly depending on administrative requirements, so end-of-year planning should remain flexible.

Parents with children in different school systems, such as public and independent schools, may need to navigate overlapping but not identical calendars. Having a shared family calendar can help manage these differences.

South African School Calendar 2026: Term Dates, Holidays and What Parents Need to Know

South African School Holidays 2026 – Public and Independent Schools
Holiday / Break Public schools Independent schools (ISASA / SAHISA) Notes
Start of year opening 14 January 2026 13–15 January 2026 (varies by school) Confirm exact opening date with the school
Autumn holiday (after Term 1) 28 March – 7 April 2026 28 March – 13 April 2026 (varies) Independent schools often have a longer break
Mid-term break (Term 2) Not applicable 28 – 30 April 2026 Common in ISASA four-term schools
Winter holiday (after Term 2) 27 June – 20 July 2026 27 June – 13 July 2026 (varies) Public schools return later
Special school holiday 15 June 2026 Observed by many independent schools Additional holiday announced for 2026
Youth Day (public holiday) 16 June 2026 16 June 2026 Falls during Term 2
Spring holiday (after Term 3) 24 September – 5 October 2026 24 September – 12 October 2026 (varies) Heritage Day falls during this break
End of year holiday 10 December 2026 – 13 January 2027 3 December 2026 – mid-January 2027 Independent schools usually close earlier

Final Thoughts

The 2026 South African school calendar follows a familiar structure while introducing one additional school holiday that parents should take note of. Understanding the term dates, public holidays and potential variations between school systems allows families to plan with confidence. Whether you are arranging childcare, booking holidays, managing work commitments or simply trying to stay organised, knowing the school calendar ahead of time gives you a valuable head start. A little planning now can make the year feel far more manageable later.

 

Disclaimer: School calendars may be subject to change due to unforeseen circumstances or provincial adjustments. Always confirm final dates directly with your child’s school or the Department of Basic Education.

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