Many South African high schools are urging students to switch from mathematics to maths literacy, and what it means for their future is a topic sparking concern among parents and students alike. While schools aim to boost pass rates, the switch can influence subject choices, career paths and tertiary opportunities. By understanding the differences and long-term implications, parents can help their child make informed decisions about this crucial step in their education.
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Choosing between mathematics (maths) and mathematical literacy (maths literacy) is a crucial decision for South African learners in Grades 10 to 12. This choice can influence not only academic performance but also career opportunities, university access and future employment prospects. With concerns over student performance, teacher capacity and curriculum relevance, schools, parents and policymakers are seeking guidance to help learners make informed decisions.
Understanding the Difference: Maths vs Maths Literacy
Mathematics and mathematical literacy serve different educational purposes. Mathematics focuses on abstract reasoning, algebra, geometry, calculus and advanced problem-solving. It lays the foundation for careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields.
On the other hand, maths literacy emphasises practical numeracy skills, applying mathematics to real-life contexts such as budgeting, calculating interest, understanding data and workplace-related problem-solving. This subject prepares learners for professions that do not require advanced technical knowledge but rely heavily on practical maths skills.
According to the Department of Basic Education (DBE) Annual Report 2024/25, approximately 59% of Grade 10 learners opted for maths literacy in 2024, while only 41% chose mathematics. This trend reflects a shift towards accessibility and reducing failure rates, as maths literacy is considered less challenging for learners struggling with abstract mathematical concepts.
Why Schools Are Suggesting Maths Literacy
Many South African high schools have started advising learners to consider maths literacy, particularly if they are experiencing difficulties in Maths or are pursuing non-STEM pathways. Several factors contribute to this trend:
- High Failure Rates in Mathematics
The 2024 Matric Results from Stats SA indicate that only 69.1% of learners passed mathematics, according to a 2024 National Senior Certificate (NSC) School Performance Report. This often prompts schools to encourage struggling learners in lower grades to select maths literacy to improve their overall academic performance. - Curriculum and Teaching Capacity
Schools in rural or under-resourced areas frequently face shortages of qualified maths teachers, making it harder to deliver the full Mathematics curriculum effectively. Maths literacy, being more practical, is easier to teach in environments with fewer resources or larger class sizes. - Learner Career Pathways
For learners aiming for careers in the arts, social sciences, business administration, or education, Maths literacy suffices for admission requirements. In contrast, STEM careers, such as engineering, actuarial science, medicine, or computer science, still require mathematics. Universities like the University of Cape Town and the University of Pretoria have strict mathematics prerequisites for science-based degrees.
Balancing Learner Interests and National Priorities
The South African education system faces a delicate balance between accessibility and competitiveness. While maths literacy improves the chances of passing and completing school, there are concerns about long-term economic and career implications if too few learners pursue mathematics.
Umalusi, the quality assurance body for South African education, notes that learners with mathematics proficiency are better equipped for innovation-driven sectors, which are vital for national development. However, it also stresses the importance of not discouraging learners from succeeding academically through inappropriate curriculum pressure.
Schools are therefore advising learners individually, based on performance, interest, and career aspirations. Many institutions have introduced career counselling sessions to guide learners, ensuring that choosing maths literacy does not unintentionally limit future opportunities.
University Entrance and Career Implications
Mathematics is a gatekeeper subject in South Africa. Most Bachelor’s programmes in engineering, actuarial science and natural sciences require a pass in mathematics. Maths literacy alone cannot substitute this requirement.
For example, the University of Cape Town 2025 admission requirements specify that learners applying for engineering or science degrees must have:
- Mathematics: Level 5 or higher
- Physical sciences: Level 5 or higher
Conversely, programmes in the social sciences, education, and business may accept maths literacy as a qualification for admission, provided other criteria are met.
Aspect
Mathematics
Mathematical Literacy
Focus
Abstract reasoning, algebra, geometry, calculus
Practical numeracy, real-life problem solving, statistics
Tertiary Requirements
Required for STEM courses: engineering, finance, IT
Sufficient for teaching, social sciences, business courses
Skill Development
Analytical thinking, problem solving, abstract reasoning
Data interpretation, budgeting, practical problem solving
Typical Learner Profile
Strong numeracy skills, interested in STEM
Practical, real-life oriented, prefers applied learning
Career Pathways
Engineering, IT, finance, sciences, mathematics research
Teaching, business management, social sciences, daily numeracy tasks
Learning Style
Theoretical, abstract, problem-based
Practical, context-based, application-focused
| Aspect | Mathematics | Mathematical Literacy |
| Focus | Abstract reasoning, algebra, geometry, calculus | Practical numeracy, real-life problem solving, statistics |
| Tertiary Requirements | Required for STEM courses: engineering, finance, IT | Sufficient for teaching, social sciences, business courses |
| Skill Development | Analytical thinking, problem solving, abstract reasoning | Data interpretation, budgeting, practical problem solving |
| Typical Learner Profile | Strong numeracy skills, interested in STEM | Practical, real-life oriented, prefers applied learning |
| Career Pathways | Engineering, IT, finance, sciences, mathematics research | Teaching, business management, social sciences, daily numeracy tasks |
| Learning Style | Theoretical, abstract, problem-based | Practical, context-based, application-focused |
Teacher and Expert Insights
Education experts recommend a learner-centred approach to the maths vs maths L=literacy decision. The Basic Education Department of South Africa highlighted that learners perform better when subject choice aligns with their abilities, interests and plans.
This approach ensures that learners are not set up to fail in maths, while also protecting their access to higher education opportunities.
Supporting Learners in Their Choice
For learners who select maths literacy, there are multiple strategies to enhance numeracy skills and career readiness:
- Practical Applications – Schools incorporate real-world scenarios, such as budgeting exercises, financial literacy and data interpretation.
- Workplace Readiness – Maths literacy prepares learners for immediate employment, apprenticeships and vocational studies.
- Bridging Programmes – Universities and colleges offer bridging courses for maths literacy learners who wish to pursue technical degrees.
For Mathematics learners, support includes extra tuition, peer mentoring and online resources to handle the subject’s complexity.
Conclusion
The choice between mathematics and maths literacy is one of the most significant decisions for South African learners. While maths literacy offers accessibility and practical skills, mathematics remains essential for STEM careers and competitive academic pathways.
Schools, education experts, and parents play a critical role in advising learners based on ability, interest and career goals. National statistics indicate a trend towards maths literacy in rural areas, but urban schools are gradually balancing enrolment to maintain future competitiveness.
Ultimately, the decision should empower learners to achieve academic success, develop confidence and access career opportunities, ensuring that they are well-prepared for the challenges of the modern workforce and higher education landscape.
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